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Human Body Maps

How to Sleep with Tennis Elbow

by Healthlinear March 18, 2023

Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a painful condition that affects the tendons on the outer part of the elbow. It is often caused by repetitive motions, such as those used in tennis or other racquet sports, which can lead to inflammation and microtears in the tendons.

While tennis elbow is typically treated with rest, physical therapy, and other interventions, it can also make it difficult to get a good night's sleep. In this article, we'll explore some strategies for sleeping with tennis elbow that can help alleviate pain and improve sleep quality.

The Importance of Quality Sleep for Managing Tennis Elbow Pain Sleep is an essential part of the body's healing process, and getting enough restful sleep can be especially important for those with tennis elbow. When we sleep, our bodies have the opportunity to repair damaged tissues and reduce inflammation, which can help reduce pain and improve overall function.

However, for people with tennis elbow, pain can often make it difficult to get comfortable at night, leading to restless sleep and exacerbating symptoms. Additionally, some sleep positions and habits can put extra strain on the affected tendons, making pain worse.

Tips on How to Sleep with Tennis Elbow

If you're struggling to get a good night's sleep due to tennis elbow pain, there are several strategies you can try to help alleviate discomfort and promote restful sleep. Here are some tips to consider:

Elevate the Arm: Elevating the affected arm can help reduce swelling and inflammation in the elbow, which can in turn alleviate pain and make it easier to sleep. One way to do this is to use a pillow to prop up the arm while sleeping. This can help reduce pressure on the elbow and make it more comfortable to lie on your back or side.
Use a Pillow or Brace for Support: Another way to reduce pressure on the elbow is to use a pillow or brace for support. This can help keep the elbow in a neutral position, which can reduce strain on the tendons and alleviate pain. You may need to experiment with different types of pillows or braces to find the one that works best for you.
Avoid Sleeping on the Affected Arm: Sleeping on the affected arm can put extra strain on the tendons and exacerbate pain. Try to avoid putting pressure on the elbow by sleeping on your back or non-affected side. You can use a body pillow or other support to help keep you in a comfortable position.
Use Heat or Ice Therapy Before Bed: Applying heat or ice to the affected area before bed can help reduce pain and inflammation, making it easier to sleep. You can use a hot or cold compress, depending on your preference. Just be sure not to apply heat or ice directly to the skin, and limit treatments to 20 minutes at a time.

Other Strategies for Managing Tennis Elbow Pain

In addition to the tips above, there are several other strategies you can try to manage tennis elbow pain and improve sleep quality. These include:

Physical Therapy Exercises: Physical therapy can be an effective way to treat tennis elbow and improve overall function. Your physical therapist can design a customized exercise program that targets the specific muscles and tendons affected by tennis elbow. These exercises can help reduce pain and inflammation, increase range of motion, and improve strength and flexibility.
Pain Relief Medication: Over-the-counter pain relief medications, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can be helpful for managing pain associated with tennis elbow. However, it's important to use these medications as directed and to talk to your doctor before taking them, especially if you have any underlying health conditions.

Conclusion

Tennis elbow can be a painful and frustrating condition, especially when it comes to getting a good night's sleep. However, with some simple strategies and interventions, it's possible to reduce pain and promote restful sleep. By elevating the affected arm, using a pillow or brace for support, avoiding sleeping on the affected arm, and using heat or ice therapy before bed, you can make sleeping with tennis elbow more comfortable and manageable.

In addition to these strategies, it's important to work with your healthcare provider to develop a comprehensive treatment plan for tennis elbow that addresses all aspects of the condition, including pain management, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. With the right approach, it's possible to reduce pain, improve function, and get the restful sleep you need to support your body's healing process. Watch the video below to avoid tennis elbow or even treat this pain using the top suggested ways.

FAQs:

Q: Can sleeping on my stomach make my tennis elbow worse?

A: Yes, sleeping on your stomach can put extra pressure on the affected elbow and exacerbate pain. It's best to sleep on your back or non-affected side to reduce strain on the tendons.

Q: Are there any natural remedies that can help with tennis elbow pain?

A: Some natural remedies that may help reduce pain and inflammation associated with tennis elbow include turmeric, ginger, and omega-3 fatty acids. However, it's important to talk to your healthcare provider before trying any new supplements or remedies.

Q: How long does it typically take for tennis elbow to heal?

A: The healing time for tennis elbow can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the treatment approach used. In general, it can take several weeks to several months for symptoms to improve with conservative treatments such as rest, physical therapy, and pain management. In some cases, more aggressive interventions may be needed, such as corticosteroid injections or surgery.

References:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tennis-elbow/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351973
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538236/
https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/tennis-elbow-lateral-epicondylitis
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175596

March 18, 2023 0 comment

How long does Step Throat last

by Healthlinear March 16, 2023

written by Healthlinear

"Strep throat" is a bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS). It is characterized by sore throat, fever, swollen glands, and difficulty swallowing. Strep throat is typically treated with antibiotics, such as penicillin or amoxicillin. If left untreated, it can lead to more serious complications, such as rheumatic fever or kidney inflammation.

How to know if you have Step Throat

There are several symptoms that may indicate strep throat, including:

Sore throat: This is the most common symptom and can range from mild to severe.
Fever: A fever of 101°F (38.3°C) or higher is often present with strep throat.
Swollen glands: The glands in the neck may be swollen and tender to the touch.
Red and swollen tonsils: The tonsils may be red and covered in a thick, white or yellow coating.
Headache: Some people may experience a headache with strep throat.
Nausea or vomiting: Some people may experience nausea or vomiting with strep throat.
Body aches: Some people may experience body aches with strep throat.
Rashes: Some people may develop a rash on their body called scarlet fever

It is important to note that some of these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions such as a common cold or the flu, so a diagnostic test is needed to confirm the presence of strep throat. The most accurate test for strep throat is a rapid strep test or a throat culture.

Causes of Step Throat

Strep throat is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS). The bacteria spread through the droplets of saliva or nasal mucus when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes.

It can also spread by touching a surface or object that has the bacteria on it and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.

People who are in close contacts with others, such as those who live in dormitories or military barracks, are at a higher risk of contracting strep throat. Children and adolescents are more likely to get strep throat than adults, and outbreaks are more common in the late fall and winter.

Other factors that increase the risk of getting strep throat include:

Having a weakened immune system
Exposure to cigarette smoke or other irritants
Stress
poor hygiene
poor nutrition
lack of sleep

It's important to note that some people who carry GAS in their throat or nose may not have symptoms but can still spread the bacteria to others.

Prevention of Strep Infection

There are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of getting strep throat or spreading it to others:

Practice good hygiene: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially before eating or preparing food. Avoid sharing personal items such as utensils, cups, or towels.

Avoid close contact with people who are sick: Keep your distance from people who have strep throat or other respiratory illnesses.

Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze: Use a tissue or your elbow to cover your mouth and nose. This will help prevent the spread of bacteria.

Avoid touching your face: Touching your eyes, nose, or mouth can introduce bacteria into your body.

Keep your immune system strong: Get enough sleep, eat a healthy diet, and manage stress to keep your immune system functioning properly.

Clean and disinfect frequently-touched surfaces: Clean and disinfect frequently-touched surfaces such as doorknobs, light switches, and cell phones.

Get a flu shot: Influenza and Strep throat have similar symptoms and getting a flu shot may prevent some cases of strep throat.

Avoid close contact with people who are sick with strep throat, and avoid sharing personal items such as utensils, cups, or towels.

How long does Step Throat last?

The symptoms of strep throat usually last for about 7-10 days. The sore throat and difficulty swallowing typically improve within 3-4 days after starting antibiotics, and the fever usually go away within 1-2 days. However, the swollen glands and other symptoms may last for a week or more.

It's important to complete the full course of antibiotics as your doctor prescribes, even if you start to feel better before you finish the medication. This helps to ensure that all of the bacteria are killed and reduces the risk of complications or the infection returning.

If you don't take antibiotics or don't take them long enough, the bacteria can continue to multiply and cause serious complications. It's also important to avoid spreading the infection by staying home and avoiding close contact with others while you are sick.

It's always a good idea to consult a doctor if you suspect that you have strep throat or if you experience any complications.

How long does it take to heal from Step Throat?

The length of time it takes to recover from strep throat can vary depending on a number of factors, including the individual's overall health, the severity of the infection, and the promptness of treatment.

Typically, the sore throat and difficulty swallowing will improve within 3-4 days after starting antibiotics, and the fever usually goes away within 1-2 days. Other symptoms such as swollen glands, headache, and body aches may last for a week or more.

It's essential to complete the full course of antibiotics as your doctor prescribes, even if you start to feel better before you finish the medication. This helps to ensure that all of the bacteria are killed and reduces the risk of complications or the infection returning.

Most people should fully recover within 1-2 weeks after starting antibiotics, but for some individuals, it may take longer for the symptoms to fully resolve.

It's always a good idea to consult a doctor if you suspect that you have strep throat or if you experience any complications. Your doctor may recommend additional treatment or a follow-up examination to make sure you have fully recovered.

Should I go to work with Strep?

If you have been diagnosed with strep throat, it's important to stay home and avoid close contact with others to prevent the spread of the infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends staying home for at least 24 hours after starting antibiotics or until symptoms have improved.

It's important to avoid going to work or school, as well as other public places, while you are sick to prevent the spread of the infection. This will help to protect others, especially those who are more vulnerable to infection, such as young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems.

Additionally, you may not feel well enough to perform your normal activities, and resting at home will help you to recover more quickly.

It's always a good idea to consult with your doctor if you're unsure whether it's safe to return to work or school after being diagnosed with strep throat. They can advise you on when it's safe for you to return to your normal activities based on your individual case.

Does strep come on suddenly?

Strep throat can come on suddenly, but some people may experience a gradual onset of symptoms. The symptoms of strep throat typically include a sore throat, fever, swollen glands, and difficulty swallowing.

However, it's important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, such as a common cold or the flu, so it's always a good idea to see a doctor for a proper diagnosis.

March 16, 2023 0 comment

Human Body Maps Uncategorized

Metoidioplasty – Single Stage Reassignment Surgery

by Healthlinear January 25, 2021

written by Healthlinear

Synopsis:

Metoidioplasty is a genital-affirming lower body surgery for female-to-male transgenders. The main purpose of the surgery is to create male-like genitalia that has the capability to urinate while standing and has a satisfactory aesthetic appearance. This masculinizing surgery creates a male penis by lengthening and straightening the clitoris which has been hormonally enlarged.

The ligaments around the erectile tissue of the clitoris are cut to release it from the pubis thus lengthening the shaft. The urethra is incorporated into the penis and the skin from the labia and outer labia is used to add girth to the penis. Metoidioplasty surgery is often combined with additional procedures like scrotoplasty, ligament removal, and urethral lengthening to accomplish satisfactory postoperative results.

The objective is to create a penis that can experience sexual sensation, get erections without implants, and pee while standing, not to achieve penetration.

There are four basic forms of Metoidioplasty:

Simple release
Full Metoidioplasty
Ring Metoidioplasty
Centurion Metoidioplasty

Simple release

The simple release is also called the simple Meta. The simple release surgery involves releasing the clitoris from the surrounding tissue of the pubis. It does not involve modification of the urethra or vagina but increases the length and exposure of the penis.

Full Metoidioplasty

A full metoidioplasty involves surgically releasing the clitoris from the pubis and then using a graft from the inside of your cheek to connect the neophallus with the urethra. A full metoidioplasty may also include removal of the vagina (a vaginectomy) and insertion of scrotal implants.

Ring Metoidioplasty

Ring Metoidioplasty is a procedure that is quite like the full metoidioplasty. In this case, however, the tissue graft is not taken from the inside of your cheek, but instead, a graft is taken from the vaginal wall and combined with the labia majora to connect the neophallus and urethra. The greatest advantage of having a ring metoidioplasty is that your body has to undergo healing on only one site. It also limits the complications that could arise from oral surgery like pain while eating and decreased saliva production.

Centurion metoidioplasty

In the Centurion Metoidioplasty procedure, the ligaments that go up to the labia from the labia majora are released and wrapped around the newly created penis to add extra girth. The Centurion Metoidioplasty does not need a tissue graft from the inner cheek or vaginal wall, which means there are fewer complications, less surgical scarring and pain.

Surgical Readiness Assessment

To assess whether you are ready for Metoidioplasty surgery, you will need to consult with qualified assessors and complete a surgical readiness assessment. If you meet the eligibility and criteria required, a surgeon will take over your case. The surgeon will study the case and may carry out further assessments if needed. Before the actual surgery takes place, you must discuss your needs and expectations with your surgeon in detail. Some points that should be discussed with the surgeon are:

The primary surgical goal for the gender-affirming surgery, like sexual penetration, standing to pee, erectile function etc.
The surgical procedures are available for your case and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
Ask to see photographs of successful and unsuccessful outcomes of their patients.
Any medications that should be avoided before your surgery.
The options you have in case your surgical results are not what you expected in terms of appearance and sexual function.
Any possible complications and risks associated with the various techniques.
The surgeon's success and complication rates for the procedure.

Metoidioplasty Surgery Procedure

While surgical techniques employed from one surgeon to another vary, the commonly followed procedure is as follows:

Extended hormone replacement therapy is a prerequisite to enlarge the erectile tissue of the clitoris enough for the surgery. This may take between 1 to 3 years.
During the surgery, the ligaments that hold the clitoris in place under pubic bone are severed.
The clitoris is released from the pubis by cutting the surrounding tissue and used to create a penis.
The urethra is then extended through your penis.
The fat is pulled up from the pubis and used to bring the penis to the front.
The external genitals are removed and grafted around the penis to add girth.
If opted for, the vagina is removed or closed, and the labia are reshaped into a scrotum with or without testicular implants.

Common complications associated with Metoidioplasty

All surgery entails some risks. Common complications may include adverse reactions to the anaesthetic used, clots, infections, blood loss etc. You should discuss the risks with your surgeon. A few complications specifically associated with Metoidioplasty are as follows:

Abscess: A bacterial infection causes pus to collect under the site of the incision. It has to be treated with antibiotics or drained by a surgeon.
Loss of Sensation: Even though the risks for this are lower than in a phalloplasty, but some decreased sensation is still possible.
Seroma: A seroma occurs when clear fluid collects in the surgical site. Smaller seromas can be sucked or aspirated locally, however surgery might be required if the seromas are larger.
Haematoma: A haematoma is the most common complication after Metoidioplasty. It occurs when blood accumulates in the surgical site. This causes pain and swelling. Like seromas, smaller haematomas can be sucked out locally, however, surgery might be required if the haematomas are larger.
Scarring: Scarring may be prevented with massage exercises and avoiding the sun. However, surgical revision can correct severe scarring.
Dissatisfaction: You might not be happy with the results achieved in terms of appearance or function, in which case you can consult with your surgeon to see if surgical revision is a possibility.

Post-op care after Metoidioplasty surgery

You should expect to spend three nights in the hospital after surgery, as well as seven more in the recovery residence. The recovery time would be shorter if do not opt for a urethra lengthening. You will also be expected to be on a painkiller and antibiotics regimen to prevent infections. You will also be on medication to make your transition easier, to ease bowel movements, and relax muscles, to prevent nausea and bladder spasms. For the duration of the healing and recovery process, the following symptoms are to be expected:

Bleeding
Itching
Swelling
Bruising
Numbness
Difficulty urinating
Occasional nerve sensations
Pinkness or redness of the scars

You should try to check in with your primary care provider regularly for the first few months after your surgery.

How do Metoidioplasty results differ from Phalloplasty?

Metoidioplasty and Phalloplasty are the two most common forms of lower gender reassignment surgeries for AFAB Trans and non-binary people. While Metoidioplasty creates a phallus (or penis) from a clitoris that has been enlarged hormonally after taking testosterone, phalloplasty uses a large tissue graft taken from the torso, arm, or leg to recreate a penis.

If we consider Metoidioplasty vs Phalloplasty, both procedures have their unique advantages and drawbacks.

Pros and cons of metoidioplasty

Some pros and cons of having Metoidioplasty rather than Phalloplasty are as follows:

Metoidioplasty vs Phalloplasty Pros

Metoidioplasty results in a new phallus that maintains the erotic sensitivity of the clitoris.
The penis is fully functioning that has a natural erectile function, and doesn’t need a penile prosthesis to achieve an erection.
Metoidioplasty results in the minimal visible scarring as opposed to the large scars left by phalloplasty.
Metoidioplasty is usually a single-stage surgery. Even with any additional surgeries required to achieve the desired results in appearance or function, it still involves fewer surgical procedures than phalloplasty.
Metoidioplasty carries a lower risk of complications than phalloplasty, though both procedures carry the risk of usually minor side effects.
Metoidioplasty has a shorter healing and recovery time than phalloplasty.
It is considerably more affordable than phalloplasty.

Metoidioplasty vs Phalloplasty Cons

The new phallus created in Metoidioplasty is fairly small in size, both in terms of length and girth, and can measure anywhere between 3 to 8 cm in length.
Patients are less likely to sexually penetrate during coitus, even though they can achieve an erection.
Metoidioplasty requires extensive hormone replacement therapy to achieve the clitoral growth required for the procedure.

FAQs about Metoidioplasty

Which is better Metoidioplasty vs Phalloplasty?
Both options have pros and cons, discussed earlier in the article.

How much growth is needed for Metoidioplasty?
Significant clitoral growth following the use of testosterone is required. Usually one needs to be on testosterone therapy for anywhere between one to two years before having Metoidioplasty.

How much does Metoidioplasty cost?
The cost of surgery will vary between depending on your surgeon, location, and the procedures you have performed. The cost of metoidioplasty can ranges from $4,000 for a Simple Release to as much as $60,000 for a full Meta.

What is TransBucket?
Transbucket is an online health care and surgery resource for the Trans community, from FTMs to MTFs to genderqueers, agender individuals, and everyone else who could benefit from exploring real life photo experiences.

Does insurance cover gender assignment surgery?
Federal and state laws prohibit most public and private health plans from discriminating against you because you are transgender. This means, that with a few exceptions, it is illegal discrimination for your health insurance plan to refuse to cover medically necessary transition-related care.

References:

https://www.metoidioplasty.net/

Djordjevic, Miroslav L et al. “Metoidioplasty: techniques and outcomes.” Translational andrology and urology vol. 8,3 (2019): 248-253. doi:10.21037/tau.2019.06.12
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6626308/

Morrison SD, Perez MG, Carter CK, Crane CN. “Pre- and Post-Operative Care With Associated Intra-Operative Techniques for Phalloplasty In Female-to-Male Patients”. Urol Nurs. 2015 May-Jun;35(3):134-8. PMID: 26298948.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26298948/

Monstrey SJ, Ceulemans P, Hoebeke P. Sex Reassignment Surgery in the Female-to-Male Transsexual. Semin Plast Surg. 2011 Aug;25(3):229-44. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1281493. PMID: 22851915; PMCID: PMC3312187.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22851915/

Frey, Jordan D. MD; Poudrier, Grace BA; Chiodo, Michael V. MD. Hazen, Alexes MD. A Systematic Review of Metoidioplasty and Radial Forearm Flap Phalloplasty in Female-to-male Transgender Genital Reconstruction: Is the “Ideal” Neophallus an Achievable Goal? Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open: December 2016 - Volume 4 - Issue 12 - p e1131 doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001131
https://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/2016/12000/a_systematic_review_of_metoidioplasty_and_radial.9.aspx

Bizic M, Stojanovic B, Bencic M, Bordás N, Djordjevic M. Overview on metoidioplasty: variants of the technique. Int J Impot Res. 2020 Aug 21. doi: 10.1038/s41443-020-00346-y. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32826970.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32826970/

January 25, 2021 0 comment

Health Human Body Maps

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

by Healthlinear December 15, 2020

written by Healthlinear

Abductor pollicis brevis is a muscle that is present in your hand and understanding it along with all the muscles of the human body is very important. Human body is made up of muscles and bones and they all play a great role in the whole being of a human. The muscles play their part by allowing the movement of the body to happen. Having strong and stable muscles is very important and learning about these muscles will let you recognize any type of problem that you have in them and what you need to do about it.

There are a lot of the medical disorders related to muscles that happen in every other person. Being unaware of the severity of the situation we choose to ignore it and that is why when the situation gets worse you start your treatment, and muscles usually takes time to heal.

Being an athletic person you definitely need to have the knowledge of such muscles so you can know which points of your muscles you need to strengthen. This way you can have perfect body balance for the type of the sport you play. This will also help you avoid the injuries that different sportsperson have to face.

Abductor pollicis brevis is another one of the important muscles in the body and if your sports include throwing a ball or any other such hand movement. You should definitely learn more about this muscle because that is where this muscle is present.

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

This muscle is present in the palm and it is present between the wrist and the base of your thumb. Basically, this muscle belongs to the intrinsic muscles. Muscles present in your hand are divided into two parts intrinsic and extrinsic.

Extrinsic muscles are long and their belly is present in the forearm so that means that they extend in your hand and your forearm as well. While on the other hand, the intrinsic muscles are the small muscles that are present in tea hand only. These intrinsic muscles are further divided into groups like the Thenar and Hypothenar muscles.

The abductor pollicis brevis is present on the Thenar group along with the opponents pollicis, Flexor pollicis previs. "Thana" basically is a Greek word and it translates to the “Palm of the Hand”. But Thenar muscles are those present at the base of the thumb and one of the Thenar muscles being the abductor pollicis brevis.

These Thenar muscles control the movement of the thumb. The abductor pollicis brevis is the largest muscle in that group. This means this muscle plays the greater part on the movement of the thumb.

Location of Abductor Pollicis Brevis

The abductor pollicis brevis as we already know is present between the wrist and the base of the thumb in the Thenar group but to be more specific you should know that abductor pollicis brevis has its origin at the Flexor Retinaculum and also the Tuberculous of the trapezium and the scaphoid bones. Then this muscles insertion is at the base of the thumb’s proximal phalanx.

This muscle is present along with the flexor pollicis brevis and the opponents pollicis and is present just beneath your skin. It is arranged in such a way that it completely overlaps the opponents pollicis and just slightly overlap the muscle flexor pollicis brevis.

The shape of this muscle is somewhat triangular. It is very flat and thin and also elongated given that it is the largest muscle in the Thenar group. The median nerve also innervates these muscles and the two lateral lumbrical muscles. The blood supply to this muscle is provided by the Radial Artery’s branch known as the superficial palmar arch.

Function

Abductor pollicis brevis is the abductor of the thumb and definition of it is that it allows the interior movement of the thumb. That means it can move perpendicular to the palm and it plays the other functions of the thumb movement. More specifically it helps in the extension and the opposition of the thumb. The opposition movement means that the thumb can rotate as well as touch other fingers.

Tenosynovitis of Thumb

Impairment in any muscle or anything related to that muscle can affect the actual function of that muscle and similar is in this case. The Tenosynovitis of the thumb is the condition when you are gripping anything with your thumb it starts the pain. In fact, any movement of the thumb can cause the pain. This occurs because of the repetitive abduction. Then it causes the irritation on the tendons of the flexor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis brevis.

In this problem, the thumb usually appears normal but there can be some inflammation in the tendons in some cases. And there is also some tenderness. There may also be some pain when the hand is stretched towards the ulna with the thumb wrapped in the fingers of the same hand.

Abductor Pollicis Brevis Strength test

This test is performed when there is some suspected injury or deterioration in those muscles. The pain in the muscle is usually caused by some injury when you are playing a sport. Moreover it may also happen due to the repetitive action of the muscle. That is why you need to have this test done so that instant treatment for that muscle can be started. Abductor pollicis brevis strength test is performed in the following way

Your hand is first position upside down so that your palm is facing the ground.
Your thumb is placed in the palm perpendicular to its position.
Now your fingers are wrapped over your thumb
You hand is stretched towards the ulna.

If you experience any pain then for sure damage is in your abductor pollicis brevis. A doctor does this examination test and they will suggest a treatment for this as well. There are also some of the cases where the surgery needs to be performed or sometimes the muscle heals on its own.

December 15, 2020 0 comment

Health Topics Human Body Maps

All You Need to Know About Pronator Quadratus

by Healthlinear October 16, 2020

written by Healthlinear

Pronator Quadratus is one of the very important muscles in our body. It is present in the arm which means it helps with the movement of the arm. The muscles play a very vital role in the human body function and the most important role of these muscles is that they help in the movement of the body every movement that happens within or outside of the body done by our own body is actually done by these muscles and that is why having the healthy muscles is so important. Having healthy muscles mean that you have strong and stable muscles and your muscles have enough strength and flexibility to deal with the pressure otherwise these muscles get torn resulting in an injury and then they result in the extreme pain because of that along with no movement from that muscle.

Muscles usually take a lot of the time to heal and sometimes the condition is so bad that you may also have to go through some surgical procedures and in some cases, the physiotherapy works alright. Being a sports person you should know about the muscles and how they will need the strength and what exercises you need to perform to give them the strength so that you can perform your normal sports activities without any problem or trouble. Pronator Quadratus is one of the very important muscles present in the human body. It is present in the arms so knowing about this muscle will be great information for the sportsmen who play games like the basketball or handball where you need all the strength in your forearms so that you can pass a good throw.

Pronator Quadratus

It is the muscle that is present near the lower part of a body known as radius. The radius is the shorter one of the two bones that are present in the forearm and the other one is the ulna. This muscle is used a lot for a lot of the daily routine actions like brushing your teeth. When you are eating something or even when typing something these muscles are continuously in the action. This muscle is present on the anterior side of the arm just along the radius bone and the nerves also pass through this muscle.

The anterior interosseous nerve which is the branch of the median nerve innervates through this muscle. It provides these muscle with the basic commands from the brain for which type of the movement arm needs to carry out. Muscles in return contract and return to their original spot to carry out these movements. This is exactly how all the other muscles of the body work but with the different commands and different command carrying nerves of those muscles. The interosseous artery is what that supplies the blood to this muscle. That is how the muscle gets its nutrients and the basic energy units.

Structure of the Pronator Quadratus

The pronator quadratus basically is a muscle that is in a rectangular shape and is present on the distal forearm. Being rectangular in shape it is spread out not along the length of the forearms but just near the radius which means it is present in such a pattern that the fibres of this muscle run perpendicular to the length of the forearms. This shows that this muscle doesn’t cover a large portion of the forearm but still, it carries out some major functions. This muscle is played out in such a way that it originates from the distal quarter of anterior ulna and finally the distal quarter of the radius.

This muscle is the only muscle that is attached to the radius at one end and the ulna at the other end. Basically, the pronator quadratus have two heads. The superficial head is played out in such a way that it originates from the anterior distal aspect of the Ulna shaft and then it ends at the anterior distal diaphysis of the radius. The other head of this muscle which is known as the deep head has the same origin as that of the superficial head. However it has insertion at the point proximal to the ulnar notch.

Function

Now coming towards the function of the pronator quadratus we already know that it is present in the forearm so it helps with the movement of the forearm. But to understand in detail we just knew that it specifically helps the ark to pronate. This movement is such a movement when the arm moves so that your palm is facing downward your hand. When the pronator quadratus contracts it causes that movement of lateral side if radius towards the ulna. This movement is known as a pronate movement.

Pronator Teres is another muscle that is present with the pronator quadratus and it also performs the same function. That is why even if some person lacks this particular muscle that doesn’t affect the function of the arm to pronate because the other muscle helps it to do so. Moreover, another major function performed by this muscle is that it is the only muscle that is attached to the radius and ulna as well keeps the bones bound together. That is the function that is specifically performed by the deep fibres of this muscle.

How to examine

To examine pronator quadratus you need to perform the following exam. If during that exam you need to see if you can perform this or if performing this you experience any type of pain then it means your muscles are injured or are not working well.

Bend your elbows at the 90- degree angle of your arm or your body. Also make sure that your palms are facing up.
Now you need to turn your arm such a way that your arm are now facing downwards.

Now if you can perform this it means your muscles are alright otherwise the doctor will continue the exam to find the exact problem.

October 16, 2020 1 comment

Health Human Body Maps

Radial Artery – What is it?

by Healthlinear February 23, 2018

written by Healthlinear

Let's know something about the Radial Artery oh Healtlinear? Our whole body consists of arteries, and these arteries are spread to each and every part of our bodies, as their sole purpose is to carry the blood which is pumped out by heart. And of course, among all those arteries in our bodies, the primary one is known as the Radial Artery. As for Location, this artery is present in your arm, and it maps from your shoulder to the very end of fingers. As Radial Artery is known to be the largest artery in the human body, so that is the reason doctors usually hold your arms to check your pulse. And of course the whole arm is covered with muscles and flesh, and the only part of your arm where there is less flesh is wrist.

Clinical Importance

So that is the portion where the pulse is being checked due to the clear visibility of the Radial Artery. Besides this, the Radial Artery helps to pump fresh blood straight from the lungs to the whole arm. And not just this there are basically three main purposes of this Radial Artery. First of all, this is really important artery in your body, and as this is most exposed and visible artery in your body, so there are more chances that this will be the very first part of you to exhale blood out of your body In case of any damage.

But the reason this Radial Artery is important is that as fast as it gets damaged, with the same ratio it gets repaired as well. Furthermore, you must know that Radial Artery is the only way to supply oxygenated blood in your whole arm, but due to damage in the Radial Artery, the blood flow does not stop because now ulnar artery is now replaced for the blood flow.

Three Main Branches of Radial Artery

And last but not least it is easy to access Radial Artery due to its size and visibility, and that is the reason that injections are usually injected into the Radial Artery. This Radial Artery is divided into three different branches which are in hand, wrist and forearm. Radial Artery divides into several branches like in the hand there is Deep Palmar Arch which is in the palm and known as its terminal part. Besides this, there are further two more branches in hand which are known as Radialis Indices and Princeps Pollicis, and these both branches are also directly connected to main Radial Artery. After hand comes wrist where you can easily observe almost every artery in your arm.

Sub-Branches

Here Radial Artery is divided into further two branches which are named as Dorsal Metacarpal, and Dorsal Carpal. These branches will further divide into further small branches which are responsible to carry blood to index finger and thumb. Now the final branch system of Radial Artery is in the forearm, which is now divided into three main branches that are further divided into several sub-branches. And those branches are known as Superficial Palmar, Palmar Carpal, and Radial Recurrent. These branches are responsible to carry blood in deep parts of forearm towards the wrist.

February 23, 2018 0 comment