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Closed Rhinoplasty Vs Open Rhinoplasty
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Closed Rhinoplasty Vs Open Rhinoplasty: Which Is Best For You?

by Dr Mahmood Rehan
written by Dr Mahmood Rehan

Let's have a look at the differences between Closed Rhinoplasty Vs Open Rhinoplasty. Closed Rhinoplasty is characterized by internal incisions, concealed scars, ideal for subtle changes. On the other hand, open Rhinoplasty includes external incision, direct visibility, suited for complex alterations.

Rhinoplasty, commonly known as a "nose job," is a surgical procedure aimed at reshaping the nose to harmonize with facial features and, in some cases, improve nasal functionality. This transformative procedure has evolved over the years, giving rise to various techniques, each with its unique advantages. Closed rhinoplasty and open rhinoplasty are the principal techniques used by surgeons to achieve these objectives. Let's delve into the specifics of each technique and understand the nuances that set them apart.

Introduction to Rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty, commonly known as a "nose job," is a surgical procedure aimed at reshaping and enhancing the appearance of the nose and thus treating asymmetrical face. It's a transformative cosmetic surgery that can not only improve the aesthetics of the nose but also address functional concerns such as breathing difficulties. By making precise adjustments to the nasal structure, rhinoplasty can harmonize the nose with the overall facial features, boosting self-confidence and creating a balanced facial profile. The procedure has evolved over the years, offering various techniques tailored to individual needs, with the ultimate goal of achieving natural-looking and lasting results.

Introducing Closed Rhinoplasty Vs Open Rhinoplasty

Understanding Closed Rhinoplasty

Closed rhinoplasty, also referred to as endonasal rhinoplasty, involves making incisions solely within the nasal passages, eliminating any external scars. This technique grants surgeons access to the nasal structure through concealed incisions, enabling them to make precise adjustments. Notable for creating subtle yet impactful changes, closed rhinoplasty is generally associated with reduced swelling and a quicker recovery period. The technique's finesse lies in the surgeon's ability to work through these internal incisions, meticulously reshaping the cartilage and bone to achieve the desired outcome.

The Approach of Open Rhinoplasty

Open rhinoplasty, alternatively, involves a small incision made across the columella, the tissue strip between the nostrils. This approach provides direct visibility and access to the nasal framework. Although initial swelling might be more pronounced compared to closed rhinoplasty, open rhinoplasty allows for intricate modifications and is preferred for cases requiring significant reshaping or structural adjustments. The external incision grants the surgeon an unobstructed view of the nasal structures, facilitating more complex maneuvers and extensive corrections.

Closed Rhinoplasty Vs Open Rhinoplasty: Side Effects

Closed Rhinoplasty Potential Side Effect: Risk of Overcorrection

Closed rhinoplasty, while generally safe, carries a slight risk of overcorrection. Due to the limited view provided by internal incisions, there's a possibility that the surgeon might excessively modify the nasal structures, resulting in an overly dramatic or unnatural appearance. To mitigate this risk, it's essential to choose a skilled and experienced surgeon who can accurately assess your features and recommend appropriate adjustments.

Open Rhinoplasty Potential Side Effect: Prolonged Swelling

Open rhinoplasty, which involves a small external incision, can lead to slightly prolonged swelling compared to closed rhinoplasty. The direct access to the nasal structures afforded by the external incision can result in more tissue trauma, potentially causing increased swelling that takes longer to subside. However, it's important to note that this swelling is typically temporary and should gradually diminish over time.

Closed Rhinoplasty Vs Open Rhinoplasty: A Comparative Study of Techniques

Surgical Incisions: Concealed vs. External

Closed rhinoplasty entails internal incisions that are hidden from view, while open rhinoplasty necessitates a minor external incision on the columella. The discreet nature of closed rhinoplasty's incisions often makes them imperceptible, a highly appealing factor for those concerned about visible scarring.

Visibility of Surgical Area: Enhanced Precision vs. Direct Visualization

Open rhinoplasty offers superior surgical visibility due to the unobstructed view of the nasal structures. This direct line of sight allows the surgeon to work with a heightened level of precision, making intricate adjustments with confidence.

Precision and Control: Subtle Changes vs. Complex Alterations

Closed rhinoplasty allows for precise modifications suitable for subtle refinements, whereas open rhinoplasty provides greater control for intricate changes. The ability to manipulate the nasal structures directly gives open rhinoplasty an edge in cases where substantial alterations are required.

Scarring: Minimal vs. Well-Managed

Closed rhinoplasty leaves no external scars, while open rhinoplasty results in a small, well-concealed scar on the columella. It's worth noting that the columellar scar typically fades over time and becomes virtually undetectable, especially when entrusted to a skilled surgeon.

Closed Rhinoplasty Vs Open Rhinoplasty: Recovery and Downtime

Both techniques involve a recovery phase during which swelling and bruising gradually subside. Closed rhinoplasty often leads to a shorter downtime due to its less invasive nature. However, it's essential to keep in mind that individual healing rates may vary, and patience is key to seeing the final results.

Longevity and Results: Lasting Transformations

The results achieved with both closed and open rhinoplasty are enduring, ensuring that your desired changes remain intact over time. As the swelling dissipates and the nasal tissues settle into their new configuration, the true outcome of the procedure becomes more apparent. Whether you opt for closed or open rhinoplasty, the goal is to achieve natural-looking results that seamlessly blend with your facial features.

Choosing the Right Technique: Tailoring to Individual Needs

Selecting between closed and open rhinoplasty depends on various factors, including the complexity of desired changes, anatomical considerations, and the surgeon's expertise. A thorough consultation with an experienced rhinoplasty surgeon is essential to determine which technique aligns with your goals and addresses your unique nasal structure.

Closed Rhinoplasty Vs Open Rhinoplasty: Factors Influencing Choice

Nasal Anatomy: Simple vs. Complex Changes

Closed rhinoplasty is well-suited for cases where minor adjustments are required, such as refining the nasal tip or smoothing out small irregularities. The limited access provided by internal incisions is often sufficient for these changes. On the other hand, open rhinoplasty is better suited for cases involving more complex alterations, such as addressing significant nasal asymmetry or correcting functional issues.

Desired Outcome: Subtle Refinement vs. Dramatic Transformation

The level of change you desire plays a significant role in determining the appropriate technique. If you're seeking subtle refinements to enhance your nasal aesthetics without drastically altering your appearance, closed rhinoplasty could be the ideal choice. Conversely, if you have specific concerns about the shape, size, or functionality of your nose that require more extensive adjustments, open rhinoplasty offers the flexibility needed to achieve a dramatic transformation.

Surgeon's Expertise: Proficiency and Skill

Perhaps one of the most critical factors influencing your choice of technique is the expertise of your chosen surgeon. An experienced rhinoplasty specialist will assess your unique facial features, discuss your goals, and recommend the technique that aligns best with your individual needs. It's essential to choose a surgeon who has a proven track record of successful rhinoplasty procedures and a deep understanding of both closed and open techniques.

Closed Rhinoplasty Vs Open Rhinoplasty: Pros and Cons

Closed Rhinoplasty

Pros

  • Concealed Incisions: Internal approach means no external scars.
  • Faster Recovery: Generally leads to less swelling and quicker healing.
  • Minimal Disruption: Limited disruption to nasal tissues.

Cons

  • Limited Visibility: Surgeon's view is restricted, which can be a challenge for complex adjustments.
  • Precision Constraints: May not be suitable for intricate alterations.
  • Overcorrection Risk: Slight risk of overdoing changes due to internal view.

Open Rhinoplasty

Pros

  • Direct Visibility: Surgeon has direct line of sight, ideal for complex modifications.
  • Greater Precision: Enables precise adjustments and intricate reshaping.
  • Versatility: Suitable for addressing both aesthetic and functional concerns.

Cons

  • External Scar: Involves a small visible scar on the columella.
  • Prolonged Swelling: Tends to have longer initial swelling due to more tissue trauma.
  • Longer Recovery: Recovery period can be slightly extended compared to closed rhinoplasty.

Both closed and open rhinoplasty techniques have their advantages and potential drawbacks. Your choice should be based on your desired outcome, nasal anatomy, and the expertise of your surgeon.

Making an Informed Decision: Closed Rhinoplasty Vs Open Rhinoplasty

Deciding between closed and open rhinoplasty is a decision that should be made collaboratively between you and your surgeon. During your consultation, openly share your goals, concerns, and expectations with your surgeon. They will conduct a thorough examination of your nasal anatomy, taking into account factors such as the thickness of your skin, the structure of your cartilage, and any previous nasal surgeries you may have undergone. Based on this assessment, they will recommend the technique that offers the best chance of achieving your desired outcome.

Closed Rhinoplasty Vs Open Rhinoplasty: Conclusion

In the world of rhinoplasty, there is no one-size-fits-all approach. The decision between closed rhinoplasty and open rhinoplasty is a nuanced one that should be guided by a deep understanding of your goals and an appreciation for the surgical techniques involved. Closed rhinoplasty offers the advantage of concealed incisions and quicker initial recovery, making it a preferred choice for those seeking minor refinements. Open rhinoplasty, while involving a small external scar and potentially more initial swelling, provides the surgeon with unparalleled visibility and control, making it the technique of choice for complex nasal reconstructions.

Closed Rhinoplasty Vs Open Rhinoplasty: FAQs

Is closed rhinoplasty better than open?

The choice between closed and open rhinoplasty depends on individual factors. Closed rhinoplasty, with internal incisions, offers advantages like no visible scars and faster recovery. However, open rhinoplasty provides direct visibility and precision for complex changes. The "better" technique varies based on your goals, nasal anatomy, and the expertise of your surgeon.

What is the disadvantage of closed rhinoplasty?

The main disadvantage of closed rhinoplasty is limited visibility for the surgeon. Internal incisions restrict the view, making it challenging for intricate changes. Additionally, there's a slight risk of overcorrection due to the limited perspective.

Why is the closed method of nose job better?

The closed method of rhinoplasty is favored for its concealed incisions, resulting in no visible external scars. It also generally leads to faster initial recovery due to reduced tissue disruption. However, it's essential to consider the technique that best suits your specific goals and nasal structure.

What are the pros and cons of closed rhinoplasty? Pros:

  • Concealed Incisions
  • Faster Recovery
  • Minimal Disruption

Cons:

  • Limited Visibility
  • Precision Constraints
  • Overcorrection Risk

How risky is closed rhinoplasty?

Closed rhinoplasty is considered safe, especially when performed by an experienced surgeon. However, as with any surgery, there are risks involved, such as infection, bleeding, and dissatisfaction with the results. Consulting a skilled professional and following post-operative instructions can help mitigate risks.

Who is a good candidate for closed rhinoplasty?

Good candidates for closed rhinoplasty are those seeking minor to moderate changes in their nasal appearance. It's suitable for individuals with a well-defined nasal structure and who don't require extensive alterations.

How long does closed rhinoplasty last?

The results of closed rhinoplasty are typically long-lasting. Once the initial swelling subsides and the tissues settle, the changes made to the nose are permanent. However, aging and other factors can still affect the appearance over time.

Is closed rhinoplasty more expensive than open?

In general, closed rhinoplasty might be slightly less expensive than open rhinoplasty due to its less complex nature. However, the cost can vary significantly based on factors such as the surgeon's expertise, location, and the extent of the procedure.

How much does a closed rhinoplasty cost?

The cost of closed rhinoplasty can range from a few thousand dollars to several thousand dollars, depending on various factors. These include the surgeon's fees, anesthesia, facility charges, and any additional procedures that may be needed.

What is the most desired nose type?

The most desired nose type varies among individuals and cultures. However, a well-proportioned, balanced, and natural-looking nose that harmonizes with other facial features is generally considered attractive.

What is the best rhinoplasty method?

There is no universally "best" rhinoplasty method. The ideal technique depends on your specific goals, nasal anatomy, and the expertise of your surgeon. Closed and open rhinoplasty each have their advantages and are suitable for different scenarios.

Which type of rhinoplasty is best?

The best type of rhinoplasty varies based on individual circumstances. Closed rhinoplasty is preferred for minor changes and concealed incisions, while open rhinoplasty offers better visibility for complex adjustments. Consultation with a skilled surgeon will help determine the best approach for you.

How painful is closed rhinoplasty?

Pain levels can vary, but closed rhinoplasty is generally associated with mild discomfort rather than severe pain. Surgeons provide pain management strategies to ensure your comfort during the recovery period.

Are you awake during closed rhinoplasty?

Closed rhinoplasty is usually performed under general anesthesia, meaning you will be asleep and unaware during the procedure. This ensures your safety and comfort.

How do I prepare for a closed rhinoplasty?

Preparing for closed rhinoplasty involves several steps, including:

  • Following your surgeon's pre-operative instructions.
  • Arranging transportation to and from the surgical facility.
  • Avoiding certain medications and supplements that can increase bleeding.
  • Planning for post-operative recovery, including time off work and support at home.

References

  • Rohrich, R. J., Muzaffar, A. R., Janis, J. E. (2003). Rhinoplasty: A Practical Guide for Surgical Planning.
  • Foda, H. M. (2005). External Rhinoplasty: A Ten-Year Experience
  • Guyuron, B., Uzzo, C. D., Scull, H. (2004). A practical classification of septal deformities.
  • Daniel, R. K. (2005). Rhinoplasty: An Atlas of Surgical Techniques.
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Allegra Hives Vs Allegra
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Allegra Hives Vs Allegra: The Ultimate Face-Off For Allergy Relief

by Dr Mahmood Rehan
written by Dr Mahmood Rehan

If you are wondering about the differences between Allegra Hives Vs Allegra, this article is for you. Briefly put, Allegra Hives provides targeted relief from itching and discomfort caused by hives, while regular Allegra offers broader allergy symptom alleviation.

Dealing with allergies can be a daunting task, but thankfully, there are medications like Allegra that offer relief. However, in the world of antihistamines, there's a distinction between "Allegra hives" and the regular version of Allegra that might not be immediately clear. This article aims to demystify the differences between these two variants of Allegra, enabling you to make a well-informed choice for your allergy or hives-related discomfort.

Understanding Allergies: An Introduction

Allergies are the body's immune system's response to substances that it perceives as harmful, even though they might be harmless to others. These substances, known as allergens, can range from pollen and dust mites to certain foods and pet dander. When an allergic individual comes into contact with an allergen, their immune system triggers a reaction, often leading to symptoms like sneezing, itching, rashes, and more. It's crucial to recognize and manage allergies to ensure a better quality of life. In this article, we'll delve deeper into the world of allergies, exploring their causes, symptoms, and possible treatments.

Understanding Allegra

Allegra, scientifically known as fexofenadine, is categorized as a second-generation antihistamine. Antihistamines work by blocking the action of histamines in the body, which are chemicals released during an allergic reaction that trigger various symptoms like itching, sneezing, and a runny nose. Allegra specifically targets these symptoms and helps alleviate them, providing a reprieve from the discomfort of allergies.

What Are Hives?

Hives, scientifically referred to as urticaria, are essentially an allergic reaction manifesting on the skin. They are characterized by red, raised welts that can be intensely itchy. Hives are typically caused by the release of histamines in response to allergens such as certain foods, medications, insect bites, or environmental factors. The appearance of hives can vary in size and shape, and they often appear suddenly.

Allegra for Allergies

Regular Allegra is designed to combat a wide spectrum of allergy symptoms. Whether you're facing a pollen onslaught, pet dander invasion, or dust mite congregation, Allegra is equipped to counteract the effects of histamine release. By doing so, it addresses sneezing, itching, runny noses, and other symptoms that can make life during allergy season a challenge.

Allegra for Hives

Allegra formulated for hives, on the other hand, zooms in on a specific issue: the itchiness and discomfort that hives bring. This variant of Allegra zeros in on the histamine response triggered by hives, providing much-needed relief from the incessant itch and inflammation that can accompany this condition. It's particularly beneficial for individuals grappling with acute or chronic hives, making it a targeted solution.

Key Differences Between Allegra and Allegra Hives

Allegra Hives Vs Allegra: Effectiveness

Allegra

  • Versatility is its forte, as it addresses a broad range of allergy symptoms.
  • Provides relief from sneezing, itching, runny nose, and watery eyes caused by various allergens.

Allegra Hives

  • Specialized in tackling the itching and discomfort linked to hives, providing targeted relief.
  • Focuses primarily on alleviating the itchiness and inflammation associated with hives.

Allegra Hives Vs Allegra: Ingredients

Allegra

  • Anchored by fexofenadine as its active ingredient.
  • Fexofenadine works to block histamine release and alleviate allergy symptoms.

Allegra Hives

  • Also harnesses the power of fexofenadine, but with potential tweaks in formulation for enhanced efficacy against hives.
  • The formulation may be adjusted to specifically target the histamine response triggered by hives.

Allegra Hives Vs Allegra: Dosage and Usage

Allegra

  • Typically taken once a day to maintain consistent relief.
  • One dose effectively provides coverage for a full day, helping individuals manage their allergies.

Allegra Hives

  • Dosage and frequency may be tailored to the severity of hives, as directed by a healthcare professional.
  • The healthcare provider may recommend adjustments based on the individual's hives condition.

Allegra Hives Vs Allegra: Precautions

Allegra

  • Generally well-tolerated, but individual reactions can vary.
  • Suitable for most individuals without requiring specialized precautions.

Allegra Hives

  • Given the specific nature of hives, consulting a medical professional is advisable, especially for persistent or severe cases.
  • A healthcare provider can assess the severity of hives and recommend the appropriate course of action.

Allegra Hives Vs Allegra: Suitability for Different Individuals

Allegra

  • Suitable for a wide range of allergies, making it a versatile choice.
  • Effective against various allergens, making it a go-to option for seasonal and environmental allergies.

Allegra Hives

  • Tailored specifically for those grappling with hives, offering a targeted solution for a distinct issue.
  • Ideal for individuals dealing with acute or chronic hives triggered by allergic reactions.

Allegra Hives Vs Allegra: Side Effects

Regular Allegra

  • Headache: Some individuals may experience mild to moderate headaches as a side effect of taking regular Allegra.
  • Dizziness: Dizziness or lightheadedness could occur, especially when standing up quickly after taking the medication.
  • Dry Mouth: A common side effect is a feeling of dryness in the mouth or throat.
  • Nausea: While not very common, some users might experience mild nausea after taking Allegra.
  • Upset Stomach: Digestive issues like an upset stomach or mild stomach pain can occur in certain cases.

These side effects are usually temporary and mild. However, if they persist or worsen, it's advisable to consult a medical professional.

Allegra for Hives

  • Localized Reactions: Since Allegra for hives is designed to target skin-related allergic reactions, localized side effects like skin irritation or redness might occur.
  • Headache: Similar to regular Allegra, headache is a potential side effect of the hives-specific variant.
  • Dizziness: Dizziness or lightheadedness can also be experienced by some individuals.
  • Dry Mouth: Just like with regular Allegra, dry mouth might be a mild side effect.
  • Nausea: While not very common, some users might experience mild nausea after taking Allegra for hives.

It's important to note that these side effects are not exhaustive and can vary from person to person. If you experience severe or persistent side effects, it's recommended to seek medical attention.

Consulting a Medical Professional

Before embarking on a new medication journey, it's wise to confer with a healthcare professional. They possess the expertise to guide you towards the most suitable choice between regular Allegra and Allegra for hives based on your individual health profile and needs.

Allegra Hives Vs Allegra: Cost Comparison

In terms of cost, the price tag attached to Allegra and Allegra for hives can fluctuate based on variables such as geographical location, pharmacy policies, and insurance coverage. Generally, due to its specialized nature, the hives-specific variant might command a slightly higher price.

User Experiences and Reviews

User experiences can provide valuable insights. Some individuals might find one version more effective than the other for their specific symptoms. Navigating user reviews and seeking advice from medical professionals can aid in making an informed decision.

Allegra Hives Vs Allegra: Pros and Cons

Regular Allegra

Pros

  • Versatile: Regular Allegra effectively addresses a wide range of allergy symptoms, including sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes.
  • Non-Sedating: It is classified as a non-sedating antihistamine, meaning it doesn't typically cause drowsiness or impair cognitive function.
  • Once-Daily Dosing: A single daily dose provides consistent relief throughout the day, making it convenient for busy schedules.
  • Fast Onset: Many users report experiencing relief within an hour of taking Allegra.
  • Over-the-Counter Availability: Regular Allegra is available without a prescription in most places, making it easily accessible.

Cons

  • Common Side Effects: While generally well-tolerated, side effects such as headaches, dizziness, and dry mouth can occur.
  • Limited Effect on Hives: Regular Allegra might not be as effective in alleviating the specific itchiness and inflammation associated with hives.

Allegra for Hives

Pros

  • Targeted Relief: Allegra for hives is specifically formulated to provide relief from the itching and discomfort caused by hives.
  • Localized Action: It addresses allergic reactions on the skin, offering relief precisely where it's needed.
  • Non-Sedating: Similar to regular Allegra, the hives-specific version is typically non-sedating.
  • Fast Relief: Users often experience rapid relief from hives-related symptoms, making it suitable for acute situations.
  • Suitable for Chronic Hives: Individuals with chronic hives can find consistent relief from the persistent itching.

Cons

  • Localized Reactions: Some users might experience skin irritation or redness at the application site.
  • Potential Side Effects: Similar to regular Allegra, side effects like headaches, dizziness, and dry mouth can occur.
  • Specific Application: Allegra for hives is tailored for hives-related symptoms and might not be as effective for other allergy symptoms.
  • Ultimately, the choice between regular Allegra and Allegra for hives depends on individual needs and preferences.

Allegra Hives Vs Allegra: Conclusion

In conclusion, Allegra and Allegra for hives each have their unique roles to play in the realm of allergy relief. While regular Allegra serves as a versatile solution for a variety of allergy-related discomforts, Allegra for hives steps up to alleviate the specific itchiness and inflammation associated with hives. Consulting a medical professional remains pivotal to determine the most fitting choice based on your distinct circumstances.

Allegra Hives Vs Allegra: FAQs

Why is Allegra for hives different?

Allegra for hives is specifically formulated to target the itching and discomfort associated with hives. Unlike regular Allegra, which addresses a wide range of allergy symptoms, Allegra for hives contains ingredients and a formulation tailored to provide rapid relief from the specific histamine response causing hives. This specialized formulation focuses on alleviating the localized symptoms of hives, making it a targeted solution for those dealing with this skin condition.

Does regular Allegra work for hives?

Regular Allegra might offer some relief from hives due to its antihistamine properties, which can help reduce itching and inflammation. However, it might not be as effective as Allegra for hives, which is specifically designed to address the unique characteristics of hives and provide targeted relief. If you're experiencing persistent or severe hives, consulting a healthcare professional for guidance on the most appropriate treatment is recommended.

What is the strongest antihistamine for hives?

There isn't a single "strongest" antihistamine for hives that applies to everyone, as individual responses to medications can vary. However, some antihistamines, including Allegra for hives (fexofenadine), Zyrtec (cetirizine), and Xyzal (levocetirizine), are often considered effective options for managing hives. The best choice depends on factors such as your medical history, tolerance to the medication, and the severity of your hives. Consulting a healthcare professional can help determine the most suitable option for you.

What is the generic brand of Allegra for hives?

The generic name for Allegra for hives is fexofenadine, which is also the active ingredient in both regular Allegra and the hives-specific version. Fexofenadine is available in various generic forms and is widely used to manage allergic reactions, including hives.

Is Allegra for hives the same as Benadryl?

No, Allegra for hives and Benadryl are not the same. While both are antihistamines, they contain different active ingredients. Allegra for hives contains fexofenadine, which is known for its non-sedating properties. On the other hand, Benadryl contains diphenhydramine, an antihistamine that can cause drowsiness. Each medication has its own set of benefits and potential side effects, and the choice between them depends on individual needs and preferences.

Who should not take Allegra for hives?

Individuals who are allergic to fexofenadine or any other ingredients in Allegra for hives should not take this medication. Additionally, pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should consult a healthcare professional before using any medication, including Allegra for hives, to ensure its safety for both themselves and their baby.

What's better for hives, Benadryl or Allegra?

The choice between Benadryl and Allegra for hives depends on factors such as the severity of your hives and your personal preferences. Benadryl (diphenhydramine) may provide quicker relief from itching, but it can cause drowsiness. Allegra for hives (fexofenadine) is non-sedating and provides targeted relief from hives-related symptoms. Consulting a healthcare professional can help determine which medication is better suited for your specific situation.

Why is Allegra not working on hives?

If Allegra is not effectively relieving your hives, it could be due to factors such as the severity of your condition, individual response to the medication, or other underlying factors. In such cases, it's advisable to consult a healthcare professional who can assess your situation and recommend potential adjustments to your treatment plan.

Is Zyrtec or Allegra better for hives?

Both Zyrtec (cetirizine) and Allegra for hives (fexofenadine) are commonly used antihistamines for managing hives. The choice between them depends on individual response and factors like personal tolerance and potential side effects. Both medications have their own advantages, and consulting a healthcare professional can help determine which one might be more suitable for your hives.

How long does it take for Allegra to work for hives?

Allegra for hives (fexofenadine) is known for its fast onset of action. Many users report experiencing relief within an hour of taking the medication. However, individual responses can vary, and consistent use as prescribed by a healthcare professional is recommended for optimal results.

Is Allegra better than Claritin for hives?

Both Allegra for hives (fexofenadine) and Claritin (loratadine) are effective antihistamines used to manage hives. The choice between them depends on factors such as individual response, potential side effects, and personal preferences. Consulting a healthcare professional can help determine which medication might be better suited to your needs.

What pill is best to get rid of hives?

The best pill to get rid of hives depends on individual factors. Antihistamines like Allegra for hives (fexofenadine), Zyrtec (cetirizine), and Claritin (loratadine) are commonly used to alleviate hives. Consulting a healthcare professional can help identify the most suitable option for your specific condition.

Does Allegra for hives stop itching?

Yes, Allegra for hives (fexofenadine) is designed to target the itching and discomfort associated with hives. Its antihistamine properties help reduce the histamine response that triggers itching, providing relief from the persistent itchiness caused by hives.

Is Allegra 180 good for hives?

Allegra 180 refers to a higher dosage of fexofenadine, the active ingredient in Allegra for hives. While it can potentially provide stronger relief, it's important to consult a healthcare professional before adjusting your dosage. They can help determine the appropriate dosage based on your individual needs and medical history.

How much Allegra can I take for chronic hives?

The recommended dosage of Allegra for chronic hives (urticaria) can vary based on individual factors. Generally, the standard dosage is 180 mg per day for adults. However, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional before using higher doses or making any changes to your treatment plan, especially for chronic conditions. They can provide personalized guidance based on your specific situation.

References

  • PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
  • WebMD: https://www.webmd.com/
  • Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/
  • American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI): https://www.aaaai.org/
  • American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI): https://acaai.org/
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Overbite vs Underbite
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Overbite vs Underbite: Clash of the Dental Titans

by Dr Mahmood Rehan
written by Dr Mahmood Rehan

Let's have a look at the debate surrounding Overbite vs Underbite. Briefly put, an overbite is when upper front teeth excessively overlap lower front teeth, while an underbite occurs when lower teeth protrude beyond upper teeth.

If you've ever found yourself scrutinizing your smile in the mirror, you might have pondered the intricate world of dental alignment. Beyond aesthetics, the alignment of your teeth plays a significant role in your oral health and overall well-being. In this comprehensive article, we'll take an in-depth look at overbites and underbites, two common dental conditions that can influence your smile, your comfort, and your day-to-day life.

Your smile is a powerful communicator, reflecting emotions, personality, and confidence. The alignment of your teeth, however, can impact more than just aesthetics. Overbites and underbites are two common dental misalignments that can affect how you eat, speak, and maintain your oral hygiene. Let's dive into the fascinating world of these dental conditions and explore their nuances.

Understanding Dental Occlusions

Dental occlusions, often referred to as the way your upper and lower teeth fit together, play a pivotal role in your overall oral health. This intricate interplay determines how you bite, chew, and speak. A harmonious dental occlusion ensures balanced forces across your teeth, promoting proper wear and preventing undue stress. However, when occlusions are misaligned, issues like discomfort, uneven wear, and even jaw pain can arise. Orthodontists and dental professionals carefully analyze and address occlusal relationships to ensure optimal function and maintain a healthy, well-aligned smile.

Overbite vs Underbite: Introduction

Overbites

Imagine a slight overlap of your upper front teeth over your lower teeth – that's an overbite. This misalignment, often hereditary, can vary in degree. In severe cases, the upper teeth might significantly protrude over the lower teeth, leading to a "bucktooth" appearance. Overbites can develop due to genetic factors, prolonged childhood habits like thumb-sucking, or even dental issues during development.

Underbites

Contrastingly, an underbite involves the lower front teeth extending beyond the upper teeth. This misalignment, which might give a "bulldog" appearance, can be attributed to jaw growth problems, genetic predisposition, or habits like prolonged pacifier use during infancy.

Overbite vs Underbite: Causes

Overbites and underbites, common dental misalignments, can stem from a variety of factors. Understanding their causes is key to preventing and addressing these issues effectively. Here's an exploration of the underlying factors that contribute to overbites and underbites:

Causes of Overbite

  • Genetics: Family history plays a significant role, as genetic factors can influence jaw and tooth development.
  • Thumb-Sucking and Pacifier Use: Prolonged thumb-sucking or pacifier use during childhood can lead to the improper alignment of teeth and jaws.
  • Improper Tooth Eruption: Irregular tooth eruption patterns can contribute to the development of overbites.
  • Oral Habits: Certain habits like tongue-thrusting, where the tongue pushes against the front teeth, can cause overbites.
  • Skeletal Growth: Abnormal jaw growth during childhood and adolescence can lead to an overbite.

Causes of Underbites

  • Genetic Predisposition: Family history increases the likelihood of underbites, as genetics influence jaw and dental structure.
  • Abnormal Jaw Growth: Discrepancies in upper and lower jaw growth can result in the lower teeth extending beyond the upper teeth.
  • Childhood Habits: Prolonged bottle feeding or pacifier use can contribute to underbite development.
  • Premature Tooth Loss: Losing baby teeth too early or improper tooth eruption can lead to underbites.
  • Skeletal Issues: Skeletal problems, such as a disproportionate lower jaw, can cause underbites.
  • Hereditary Factors: Genetic influences on facial and jaw structure can contribute to underbite formation.
  • Environmental Factors: Environmental factors during pregnancy and infancy may affect jaw development.

Understanding these causes empowers individuals to make informed choices and seek early intervention if needed. Dental professionals play a crucial role in assessing and addressing overbites and underbites, promoting a healthier, more aligned smile and improved oral function.

Overbite vs Underbite: Potential Consequences if Left Untreated

Neglecting to address these dental misalignments can lead to several complications, including:

  • Dental Wear: The uneven distribution of biting forces can cause certain teeth to wear down faster.
  • TMJ Disorders: The misalignment can strain the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), resulting in jaw pain, clicking, and headaches.
  • Speech Impairments: Both conditions can affect speech clarity and articulation.
  • Chewing Challenges: Proper chewing may become difficult, potentially affecting digestion and nutrition.

Overbite vs Underbite: Diagnosis and Assessment

Accurate diagnosis and assessment play a pivotal role in addressing dental occlusions and ensuring optimal oral health. Dental professionals utilize various techniques to analyze occlusion, identify issues, and tailor treatment plans. Here's an overview of the diagnostic process and assessment methods used to achieve a harmonious and healthy bite:

  • Comprehensive Examination: Dentists perform a thorough oral examination to evaluate teeth alignment, jaw positioning, and occlusion.
  • X-rays and Imaging: Detailed images from X-rays and imaging help assess bone health, teeth alignment, and skeletal relationships.
  • Dental Impressions: Creating models of teeth and arches allows for precise occlusion analysis.
  • Bite Analysis: Bite analysis identifies premature contacts and uneven force distribution during biting and chewing.
  • Digital Technology: Intraoral scanners and 3D imaging provide accurate visualizations for assessment.
  • Functional Evaluation: Assessing jaw movement and function helps understand occlusion's impact on speech and chewing.
  • Medical History: Patient history and habits provide contextual insights for diagnosing occlusal issues.
  • Orthodontic Records: Comprehensive records, including photographs and X-rays, guide treatment planning.
  • Collaboration: Dental professionals collaborate to ensure a thorough diagnosis and develop effective treatment strategies.

Accurate diagnosis guides tailored treatment plans, ensuring a balanced and healthy bite for improved oral function and well-being.

Overbite vs Underbite: Treatment Options

Treatment Options for Overbites and Underbites

Overbites

  • Braces: Traditional metal or ceramic braces gradually move teeth into proper alignment, correcting the overbite over time.
  • Clear Aligners: Clear, removable aligners (e.g., Invisalign) offer a discreet alternative to braces for milder overbites.
  • Functional Appliances: These devices modify jaw growth and position, particularly in younger patients, to address skeletal overbites.
  • Orthognathic Surgery: Severe cases may require surgical intervention to reposition the upper jaw and correct the overbite.

Underbites

  • Braces: Similar to overbites, braces can correct the alignment of teeth and jaws for underbite correction.
  • Chin Cap or Face Mask: Used in children, these devices encourage proper jaw growth and alignment to address underbites.
  • Reverse Pull Face Mask: Focuses on guiding upper jaw growth to align with the lower jaw, aiding underbite correction.
  • Orthognathic Surgery: For severe underbites, surgical procedures can reposition the lower jaw and correct the bite.

It's essential to consult an orthodontic specialist to determine the most suitable treatment approach based on the severity of the overbite or underbite and individual factors.

Overbite vs Underbite: Prevention

Preventing overbites and underbites is essential for maintaining optimal oral health and overall well-being. By adopting proactive measures and addressing contributing factors, individuals can minimize the risk of these dental misalignments. Here's a comprehensive guide to preventing overbites and underbites:

1. Childhood Habits:

  • Discourage thumb-sucking, pacifier use, and tongue-thrusting in early childhood to prevent jaw and tooth misalignment.

2. Early Orthodontic Evaluation:

  • Seek an orthodontic evaluation by age 7 to identify potential issues and intervene early if needed.

3. Oral Hygiene and Nutrition:

  • Maintain good oral hygiene habits and consume a balanced diet rich in nutrients to support proper jaw and tooth development.

4. Mouth Breathing Management:

  • Address mouth breathing habits to prevent changes in facial growth that can contribute to misalignments.

5. Preventive Dental Care:

  • Regular dental check-ups facilitate early detection and intervention, reducing the likelihood of misalignments.

6. Appropriate Bottle and Pacifier Use:

  • Limit prolonged bottle feeding and pacifier use to prevent changes in oral structure.

7. Oral Habits:

  • Avoid habits like nail-biting, pen-chewing, and clenching to prevent unnecessary stress on teeth and jaws.

8. Orthodontic Consultation:

  • Consult an orthodontic specialist for guidance on maintaining proper oral development.

9. Dental Injury Prevention:

  • Protect teeth from trauma during sports or recreational activities using mouthguards.

10. Posture and Jaw Alignment: - Maintain good posture and practice proper tongue posture to encourage healthy jaw alignment.

11. Prompt Treatment: - If an issue arises, seek prompt treatment to prevent the progression of misalignments.

By embracing these preventive measures and working closely with dental professionals, individuals can reduce the risk of overbites and underbites, ensuring a balanced and harmonious bite for a lifetime of oral health and confidence.

Smile Aesthetics: Overbites vs Underbites

While both overbites and underbites can influence the aesthetics of your smile, their effects vary. An overbite might lead to a "gummy" smile, while an underbite can emphasize the prominence of the chin.

Overbite vs Underbite: Comparison

While both overbites and underbites share common consequences such as speech difficulties, discomfort, and a potential impact on oral health, they differ in their origin. Overbites involve the upper teeth protruding, whereas underbites occur when the lower teeth extend beyond the upper teeth.

AspectOverbiteUnderbite
DefinitionUpper front teeth overlap lower front teeth         Lower front teeth protrude beyond upper teeth
CausesGenetics, thumb-sucking, improper tooth eruption             Genetic predisposition, abnormal jaw growth, childhood habits
ImpactAesthetic concern, potential speech issues   Aesthetic and functional issues, potential jaw discomfort
Orthodontic TreatmentBraces, clear aligners, functional appliances          Braces, orthognathic surgery, orthodontic devices
Age of Correction            Can be treated at various ages, best addressed early     Early intervention recommended, can be treated at different stages
Dental HealthMay lead to wear on certain teeth    May lead to increased risk of dental issues
Facial Aesthetics             May affect facial symmetry        Can impact overall facial appearance
Bite FunctionChewing efficiency might be compromised   Chewing and speech difficulties possible
PreventionEarly orthodontic evaluation, oral hygiene, avoiding habits      Timely orthodontic evaluation, addressing habits, proper oral hygiene
Long-Term Outlook        Timely intervention can prevent progression       Early treatment recommended to prevent worsening
Treatment DurationVaries based on severity, typically several months to a few years           Duration varies based on severity and chosen treatment
Surgical Intervention     Rarely requires surgical correction          Orthognathic surgery may be needed in severe cases

Choosing the Right Treatment Approach

Collaborating with an experienced orthodontist is paramount for determining the most suitable treatment plan tailored to your unique circumstances. Age, treatment duration, and personal preferences all contribute to this decision.

Achieving and Maintaining a Healthy Bite: Key Points

  • Dental occlusion, or bite alignment, impacts oral health.
  • A healthy bite ensures efficient chewing and speech.
  • Regular dental check-ups monitor bite health.
  • Orthodontic treatment can correct misalignments.
  • Replacing missing teeth helps maintain bite integrity.
  • Good oral hygiene prevents issues and gum disease.
  • Avoid habits like teeth grinding or using teeth as tools.
  • Retainers after orthodontic treatment maintain alignment.
  • Promptly address discomfort or changes in bite.
  • Balanced diet supports jaw health and prevents erosion.
  • Follow post-treatment instructions for orthodontics.
  • A healthy bite promotes a confident smile and well-being.

Overbite vs Underbite: Conclusion

Beyond the surface of a captivating smile lies the intricate world of dental alignment. Overbites and underbites are not just cosmetic concerns; they impact your oral health, comfort, and functionality. By addressing these misalignments, you're investing in a future of confident smiles, efficient chewing, and clear communication.

FAQs

Is it better to have an underbite or overbite?

Both underbites and overbites can pose challenges, affecting oral health and aesthetics. Neither is inherently "better," but timely intervention and proper treatment can address either issue effectively.

What is the difference between an overbite jaw and an underbite jaw?

An overbite jaw involves the upper teeth overlapping the lower teeth, while an underbite jaw features the lower teeth extending beyond the upper teeth. Each has distinct causes, implications, and treatment approaches.

How do I know if I have an overbite?

A dentist or orthodontist can diagnose an overbite through a thorough examination, X-rays, and bite analysis. Visible signs include the upper teeth covering the lower ones when biting down.

Can an overbite be fixed?

Yes, orthodontic treatments like braces or clear aligners can correct overbites. Severe cases might require orthognathic surgery to reposition the jaw.

At what age do you correct an underbite?

Early intervention is ideal, often starting as early as age 7. However, underbites can be treated at various ages, with treatment plans tailored to the individual's needs.

Does overbite get worse with age?

Overbites can worsen if left untreated, especially in growing children. However, with proper intervention, the progression can be halted or reversed.

Do underbites get worse with age?

Untreated underbites can worsen over time due to natural jaw growth. Timely treatment is essential to prevent further complications.

Does overbite ruin jawline?

An overbite itself doesn't necessarily ruin a jawline, but severe cases might affect facial aesthetics. Correcting the overbite can improve both function and appearance.

Is it harder to smile with an underbite?

An underbite can influence facial expressions, potentially affecting the ease and symmetry of smiling. Treating the underbite can lead to a more natural smile.

What happens if you don't fix an overbite?

Untreated overbites can lead to dental wear, speech difficulties, jaw pain, and increased risk of dental issues over time.

Is it necessary to correct an overbite?

While some mild overbites might not require immediate correction, addressing an overbite is recommended to prevent potential complications and improve oral health.

What are the stages of an overbite?

The stages of an overbite include assessment, diagnosis, treatment planning, intervention (orthodontic treatment or surgery), and post-treatment maintenance.

When is it too late to fix an overbite?

It's rarely too late to address an overbite. Orthodontic treatment can be successful in adults, although it might take longer than in children.

Can an overbite cause a double chin?

An overbite itself doesn't cause a double chin, but severe jaw misalignments might affect facial aesthetics.

How long does it take to correct an overbite?

The duration varies based on the severity of the overbite and the chosen treatment. Orthodontic treatment can range from several months to a few years.

References

  • American Association of Orthodontists (AAO): Visit the official website of AAO (https://www.aaoinfo.org/) for comprehensive resources and articles on various orthodontic topics, including overbites and underbites.
  • Mayo Clinic: Mayo Clinic's website (https://www.mayoclinic.org/) provides reliable medical information, including detailed articles on dental conditions like overbites and underbites.
  • WebMD: Explore WebMD's oral health section (https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/default.htm) for a wide range of articles, expert advice, and patient stories related to dental occlusions.
  • Colgate Oral Care Center: Colgate's Oral Care Center (https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health) offers educational materials, tips, and insights into various oral health concerns, including overbites and underbites.
  • Cleveland Clinic: The Cleveland Clinic's website (https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10958-malocclusion) provides detailed information on malocclusion (misaligned bite), including overbites and underbites.
0 comment
Akineton
Medicine BrandsUncategorized

Akineton: Uses, Dosage, Indications, and Side Effects

by Healthlinear
written by Healthlinear

Dosage form:

Oral tablets (Prolonged-release) 4mg, 2mg

Active ingredient:

Biperiden hydrochloride

What is Akineton used for?

A prescription-only drug Akineton; is primarily used to treat all forms of Parkinson’s disease. Other therapeutic indications include

  • Drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms
  • Excito-motor phenomena
  • Akinesia
  • Rigidity
  • Akathisia
  • Acute dystonia

Akineton is also available in 5mg/ml ampules.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity
  • Narrow-angle glaucoma
  • Megacolon

Akineton Drug Interactions

  • Levodopa
  • Carbidopa
  • Metoclopramide
  • Pethidine

Akineton Side effects

Side effects are more likely to develop at the start of therapy and when the dosage is increased too rapidly.

Patients with symptoms of a cerebral deficit are more likely to have central excitation effects, which may need a dose reduction.

  • Excitement
  • Agitation
  • Fear
  • Confusion
  • Delirious syndromes
  • Hallucinations
  • Sleeplessness
  • Nervousness
  • Euphoria
  • Fatigue
  • Dizziness
  • Disturbance of memory
  • Headache
  • Dyskinesia
  • Ataxia and speaking disorder
  • Increased disposition to cerebral seizures
  • Convulsions
  • Disturbance of accommodation
  • Mydriasis
  • Photosensitivity
  • Closed-angle glaucoma might occur (controlling of intraocular pressure)
  • Tachycardia
  • Bradycardia
  • Dryness of mouth
  • Nausea
  • Constipation
  • Reduced perspiration
  • Allergic rash
  • Muscle twitching
  • Voiding disorders
  • Urinary retention
  • Drowsiness
Headache

How do you use Akineton?

Treatment usually starts with a 2mg per day dose and then the dosage gradually increases. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 16mg per day. Always follow your doctor's or pharmacist's instructions when using this medication. If you're not sure, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

This medication must be dosed on an individual basis.

Treatment should begin with the lowest dose feasible and gradually rise to the level that is most effective for you.

References

Click to access AT_H_0521_002_FinalSPC.pdf

Click to access AT_H_0521_001_FinalPL.pdf

https://www.drugs.com/pro/akineton.html
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sulfasalazine and folic acid
MedicinesUncategorized

Sulfasalazine and Folic Acid Concomitant Use: When and Why?

by Healthlinear
written by Healthlinear

What is Sulfasalazine?

Sulfasalazine/sulphasalazine is a sulphonamide (amino salicylic acid molecule) that is approved for the treatment of active Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as the induction and management of remission in ulcerative colitis.

What is Folic Acid?

Folic Acid is also sometimes named Vitamin B9. It is man-made folate. It is considered one of the important cofactors for the enzymes involved in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. Folic acid is used to prevent and treat folic acid deficiency in megaloblastic anemia and nutritional anemias, as well as during pregnancy, infancy, and childhood. To lower the chance of neural tube abnormalities and other birth problems, folic acid is given to women who are planning to get pregnant as well as in the early months of pregnancy. It also plays an essential role as a protective factor in cancer development. Because humans are unable to produce folic acid on their own, deficits must be avoided through diet and supplementation.

Does sulfasalazine cause folate deficiency in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?

Sulfasalazine reduces folic acid absorption and metabolism, but only rarely causes folate insufficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Even though sulfasalazine has been used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for many years, few people have reported developing sulfasalazine-associated folate deficiency anemia. Only when there are other reasons for folate insufficiency has this condition been deemed a danger.

Does sulfasalazine cause folate deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis?

Although sulfasalazine inhibits folic acid absorption and metabolism, it only rarely causes folate insufficiency in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, serum and red blood cell folate contents are commonly low in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and sulfasalazine may disrupt folate metabolism.

Why do RA patients take folic acid?

Methotrexate is a drug that is prescribed by doctors to treat a variety of illnesses, particularly adult rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and serious psoriasis.

Methotrexate, on the other hand, depletes the body of folic acid, potentially leading to folic acid deficiency. Taking folic acid with methotrexate does not reduce the effectiveness of methotrexate in treating RA. As a result, supplementing with folic acid to compensate for the folate lost while taking methotrexate helps to lessen the negative effects of folate insufficiency without interfering with RA treatment. Methotrexate can produce folate deficiency, which can have several unpleasant side effects. These negative effects, on the other hand, can often be avoided by taking folic acid.

Beverley Shea and colleagues' Cochrane Review suggests that, given the low cost of folic acid supplements and the numerous benefits it provides, as well as the lack of evidence that it reduces methotrexate efficacy, it should be used in all rheumatoid arthritis patients who are taking or beginning to take Methotrexate.

Another study published in 2004 in the “Rheumatology” a scientific Journal of Oxford Academic proposes that all patients receiving methotrexate for the treatment of RA be given folic acid supplements on a regular basis. A dosage of 5 mg of oral folic acid should be administered the morning after the day of administration of methotrexate, is recommended.

Sulfasalazine and folic acid in pregnancy

Sulfasalazine has been proven to impede folic acid metabolism and absorption, potentially leading to folic acid insufficiency. Supplemental folic acid may be required for pregnant women receiving sulfasalazine therapy.

Plaquenil (Hydroxychloroquine) and Azulfidine (Sulfasalazine)

Rheumatoid arthritis is treated with Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine) and Azulfidine EN-tabs (sulfasalazine delayed-release tablets).

Food sources of Folate

  • Green leafy vegetables (spinach and broccoli)
  • Sprouts and legumes
  • Organ meat (liver and kidney)
  • Peanuts
  • Peas
  • Soybeans
  • Mushrooms, Okra, and Asparagus
Spinach

Sulfasalazine available brands

  • Salazine
  • Sulfine
  • Azulfidine tablets

Folic Acid available brands in the USA

  • Folic Acid Tablet (dosage 1mg/oral tab)
  • Acid injection (5mg/ml USP)
  • Folic Acid tablet (25mg)
  • Folic Acid tablet (5mg)

Abbrevations

RA : Rheumatoid Arthritis

References

https://www.medicinesinpregnancy.org/bumps/monographs/USE-OF-SULFASALAZINE-IN-PREGNANCY/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080552323617829
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/03009748509100404
https://www.healthline.com/health/rheumatoid-arthritis/folic-acid-for-methotrexate-side-effects
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.ED000063/full
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323500
https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/43/3/267/1774685
0 comment
Ibuprofen & Bactrim
Pain ReliefSymptomsUncategorized

Can you take Ibuprofen with Bactrim?

by Healthlinear
written by Healthlinear

Ibuprofen and Bactrim are two different kinds of medications, however many people wonder if they can take ibuprofen with Bactrim or not. Simply when you are using two different medications, you should know if there are possible adverse effects of using both these drugs together or not. Then there are also drug interactions that you should watch out for as they can increase or decrease the absorption of the other drug.

Bactrim Oral

Bactrim is the combination of two antibacterial drugs known as trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Both of them are generic antibiotics. Both these drugs act together to stop and prevent intestinal, urinary, respiratory, and middle ear infections. Even though this drug is used for these infections, you should only b taking it on the advice of your doctor. These drugs are prescription-only because misuse of such medications can lead to resistance in the patients. When the Bactrim DS is prescribed to you should take it regularly for the prescribed period, and the prescribed dose should be taken as well to avoid any complications.

Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is an over-the-counter medicine. Due to this reason, this question about whether can you take ibuprofen with Bactrim or not is acknowledged. The ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug, and it also controls the pain in your body by activating certain enzymes. This is the most commonly used painkiller, and it is also used in fever.

Can you take Ibuprofen with Bactrim together

The Bactrim and ibuprofen can be taken together when your doctor prescribes you. he does it because he has your best interest in mind. Usually, both are given together because patients can experience fever and pain in an infection. When two drugs are taken together, they may alter the effect of each other. This causes a change in the expected result of the drug.

Usually, if the drug interaction is too severe, then the pharmacist will advise you against using these medications together. If anything, you can take a gap between each of the medications as well. When it comes to Bactrim and ibuprofen, there is only one minor drug interaction between these two. The drug interaction that is caused is because of the ibuprofen. This drug will increase the effect and absorption of Bactrim. This effect is not bothersome at all, but you can use it as per the instructions of your doctor and pharmacist.

Avoiding the adverse effect after taking Ibuprofen with Bactrim

Now your question of whether can you take ibuprofen with Bactrim or not has been answered. You should know how you can avoid this interaction from happening completely. If the drugs have been prescribed by your doctor, then you can continue taking them together; the interaction is minor. But otherwise, you can give some gap between these two medications.

Since it is the metabolism of the Bactrim that will be altered, you can take almost an hour gap between these two medications. If you have to take them together, then you can do that as well. Make sure to show compliance with your doctor’s prescription. You can also go for other drugs like acetaminophen with Bactrim instead of ibuprofen.

0 comment
Asymmetrical Face
Uncategorized

Asymmetrical Face and its Causes

by Healthlinear
written by Healthlinear

Looking yourself in the mirror and seeing that you have an asymmetrical face is something that most people can’t help themselves with. But the truth is that everyone has a little bit of asymmetry in their face. Having an asymmetrical face is nothing that is medically concerning, but If anyone ever gets it fixed, it is for esthetic purposes. Every very slight difference in each side of your face can bother some people, and that is why they get this fixed with the help of a cosmetic surgeon or an esthetician. Usually, a person may not have an asymmetrical face, but some of the habits in the person can cause the asymmetry of their face.

There is no way you can reverse what has happened, so the best thing to do at this point is to get some treatment procedures done. Some of the serious reasons that can majorly cause the asymmetry of the face is the condition known as Bell’s palsy.

What causes the asymmetrical face?

There are many things like some of the diseases and your habits that can lead to asymmetrical faces. Following are some of the things that can cause facial asymmetry

Genetics

Genetics is the main cause of causing the asymmetry in the patient. If you have this thing in your genes, there is nothing that you can do to avoid having an asymmetrical face. Some of the people have prominent asymmetry in their lips, and that is because of their genetics. Cleft lip and palate and some vascular disorders also happen because of genetics. So, all in all, genetics play a great role in causing asymmetry.

Aging

As you age, your skin will start to sag and will lose its elasticity, and this will cause asymmetry in your face as well. Even though you stop growing, the cartilages of your body will continue to grow, including your nose and ears as well. So, they will get bigger and will cause asymmetry in your face.

Sun damage

As you know that UV rays are responsible for causing the going process to start faster in your skin. Your loose skin, collagen, etc., usually, the damage to both parts of your face is the same, but sometimes it may affect one part more than the others and can cause asymmetry In your face.

Bell’s palsy

Bell palsy is a serious condition ad even though it is a temporary one, but it is an extreme form of the asymmetrical face. This usually happens in a person after pregnancy or in viral disease. Thin this condition, a person may lose one side of their nerves in their face causing a severe asymmetry.

Torticollis

Torticollis is a condition in which your neck is a little twisted, causing asymmetry in your face. To some people, this can happen in a womb, or when they have difficult eyesight, so they twist their neck to see properly.

Stroke

Stroke is also a condition in which one side of your brain gets damaged, causing paralysis in the opposite side of your body; when this happens, you will feel numbness in one side of your face. This will also become the reason behind the asymmetrical face.

How to check if have a asymmetrical face

Checking if your face is asymmetrical or not is very easy. The easiest way to do this is to print a picture of you where you are staring straight ahead. Another way is to do it in front of a mirror with a marker that can be easily removed from the mirror. To check the symmetry of your face, you need to match the point from each side of the face to the other side. Try see if the line goes straight or not. Following are the points you need to match for this test

  • The only vertical line that you have to make is to mark the highest point of your forehead to your chin.
  • Next up, you need to join the outer corner of your eyes.
  • Now join the inner corner of your eyes with a line.
  • Join the highest point of your lips and the outer corner of your lips as well.
  • The widest parts of your nostrils need to be joined as well.
  • Join the widest point of your face, which is either cheekbones or the point where your jawline starts.

If any of these lines don’t go straight, that indicated an asymmetrical face. If you don’t know how to do it yourself, you can visit a facial esthetician, and they will tell you if your face is asymmetrical or not. You can also know that with the help of several face applications. They will rate the symmetry of your face for free. This way, you can know if your face is symmetrical or asymmetrical and will tell you how to fix it.

How to get rid of asymmetrical face

If you have an asymmetrical face and it bothers you a lot, then there are a few cosmetic procedures that you can go for. Following is what needs to be done when you want to have asymmetry in your face.

Rhinoplasty

Usually, it bothers people the most in the asymmetrical face is their nose. You can get that fixed with rhinoplasty. Rhinoplasty is done for a broken nose or can also be done as correction surgery. The shape of your nose is altered as you desire in this surgical procedure.

Fillers

Fillers are the other way to get symmetry in your face. You can have some of the saggy areas filled to make it equal to the other side if you face. Usually, one side of the face is wider, and it bothers people a lot. So, to fix that, you can get filers in your face.

Facial implants

Now, if your face is asymmetrical because your skeletal structure isn’t correct, then that is when you need to go for implants. They are added to your face by a surgical procedure. There are different types of implants available like silicone, plastic, protein, and even metals are used in some cases. They stay in your face forever, and you can have them removed whenever you want.

Some types of asymmetries that are from more fat on one side of your face can be treated with facial exercises as well to make you look attractive.

2 comments
Plantar Flexion
Uncategorized

Everything You Need to Know About Plantar Flexion

by Healthlinear
written by Healthlinear

Plantar flexion, by definition, is the movement of the foot when the upper part of your foot moved away from your leg. This happens when you point your toes downwards or when you stand on the tip of your toes. This movement is given a name because many different muscles are responsible for allowing this motion, and you may realize it or not; this motion helps us a lot in everyday things. This movement is more important in some people than others. This movement and the extent that you can stretch your toes or point them vary in different person; some people, even over time, improve this movement in their body, making them able to make this motion at the farthest point.

The knowledge about this movement is very important because any injury that restricts this kind of movement can affect your everyday activities and, in some cases, may even affect your life career.

Activities allowed by plantar flexion motion

Plantar flexion is a movement that allows a different kind of everyday activities and some of these act8vities are as follows

  • It allows the ballet dancers to stand on the top of their toes. This is the highest level of this movement.
  • When you are standing on the tips of your toes to reach something higher, all of that is done with the help of this motion.
  • Pressing down any pedal like with the bicycle and even your gas pedal is done by this movement.
  • When you are stretching, either stand on your toes or point your toes downwards.

These were the movements in which this motion is majorly used, but in other everyday activities like swimming, running, and walking, this motion is used to a very small extent. But if an injury to any muscle related to this movement happens, then these activities are affected as well.

Muscles used in plantar flexion

Plantar flexion requires a different set of muscles to work together. Following are the muscles involved in this motion.

Peroneus Longus

This muscle is present along the length from the lower leg to the biggest toe of your feet, also known as a thumb. This muscle will hold the plantar flexion movement stable while you are in that position and this muscle will also help in the movement where you point your toes outwards.

Peroneus Brevis

Peroneus Brevis is present just below the Peroneus Longus. This muscle is shorter than the peroneus longus muscle. This muscle also holds your stability in the plantar flexion.

Flexor digitorum longus

This muscle is present in the lower leg, and from there, it helps flex all of your toes except the biggest toe of your foot.

Tibialis posterior

This muscle is present in the lower leg as well. This muscle will help not only on the plantar flexion but will also help in the movement where you point your toes inward

Plantaris

This muscle is present in the back of your leg. It starts from the bottom of your thigh bone and reaches the Achilles tendon. This muscle will help in flexing your ankle and knee as well.

Soleus

This muscle is present in the back of your leg and stretches to the Achilles tendon as well. It is one of the major muscles in this movement as it helps you lift your feet from the ground.

Gastrocnemius

This is also one of the main muscles in the plantar flexion, and this muscle is present in the front of your leg to your Achilles heel.

Flexor hallucis longus

This muscle is present deep within your leg, and this will help to flex your toe.

Injury to these muscles

Any injury to these muscles can cause you pain in this type of movement or even in dorsiflexion. This type of injury happens so in the sport and even in ballet dancing. You will experience inflammation and pain in that muscle and will experience pain while doing even your normal tasks.

Treatment from plantar flexion injury

When your muscle gets injured, your plantar flexion will be very restricted, so there are a few things that you should do along with taking pain killers and anti-inflammatory drugs. The things that you can do are

  • Rest as much as you can. Restrict any movement that may bring you pain.
  • Compression is the best way to get rid of such pains.
  • Icing will help relieve the pain and inflammation as well.
  • Elevate your feet by placing them on a pillow.

This is all that is needed to know about plantar flexion.

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Metoidioplasty
Human Body MapsUncategorized

Metoidioplasty – Single Stage Reassignment Surgery

by Healthlinear
written by Healthlinear

Synopsis:

Metoidioplasty is a genital-affirming lower body surgery for female-to-male transgenders. The main purpose of the surgery is to create male-like genitalia that has the capability to urinate while standing and has a satisfactory aesthetic appearance. This masculinizing surgery creates a male penis by lengthening and straightening the clitoris which has been hormonally enlarged.

The ligaments around the erectile tissue of the clitoris are cut to release it from the pubis thus lengthening the shaft. The urethra is incorporated into the penis and the skin from the labia and outer labia is used to add girth to the penis. Metoidioplasty surgery is often combined with additional procedures like scrotoplasty, ligament removal, and urethral lengthening to accomplish satisfactory postoperative results.

The objective is to create a penis that can experience sexual sensation, get erections without implants, and pee while standing, not to achieve penetration. 

There are four basic forms of Metoidioplasty:

  • Simple release
  • Full Metoidioplasty
  • Ring Metoidioplasty
  • Centurion Metoidioplasty

Simple release

The simple release is also called the simple Meta. The simple release surgery involves releasing the clitoris from the surrounding tissue of the pubis. It does not involve modification of the urethra or vagina but increases the length and exposure of the penis.

Full Metoidioplasty

A full metoidioplasty involves surgically releasing the clitoris from the pubis and then using a graft from the inside of your cheek to connect the neophallus with the urethra. A full metoidioplasty may also include removal of the vagina (a vaginectomy) and insertion of scrotal implants.

Ring Metoidioplasty

Ring Metoidioplasty is a procedure that is quite like the full metoidioplasty. In this case, however, the tissue graft is not taken from the inside of your cheek, but instead, a graft is taken from the vaginal wall and combined with the labia majora to connect the neophallus and urethra. The greatest advantage of having a ring metoidioplasty is that your body has to undergo healing on only one site. It also limits the complications that could arise from oral surgery like pain while eating and decreased saliva production.

Centurion metoidioplasty

In the Centurion Metoidioplasty procedure, the ligaments that go up to the labia from the labia majora are released and wrapped around the newly created penis to add extra girth. The Centurion Metoidioplasty does not need a tissue graft from the inner cheek or vaginal wall, which means there are fewer complications, less surgical scarring and pain.

Surgical Readiness Assessment

To assess whether you are ready for Metoidioplasty surgery, you will need to consult with qualified assessors and complete a surgical readiness assessment. If you meet the eligibility and criteria required, a surgeon will take over your case. The surgeon will study the case and may carry out further assessments if needed. Before the actual surgery takes place, you must discuss your needs and expectations with your surgeon in detail. Some points that should be discussed with the surgeon are:

  • The primary surgical goal for the gender-affirming surgery, like sexual penetration, standing to pee, erectile function etc.
  • The surgical procedures are available for your case and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
  • Ask to see photographs of successful and unsuccessful outcomes of their patients.
  • Any medications that should be avoided before your surgery.
  • The options you have in case your surgical results are not what you expected in terms of appearance and sexual function.
  • Any possible complications and risks associated with the various techniques.
  • The surgeon's success and complication rates for the procedure.

Metoidioplasty Surgery Procedure

While surgical techniques employed from one surgeon to another vary, the commonly followed procedure is as follows:

  1. Extended hormone replacement therapy is a prerequisite to enlarge the erectile tissue of the clitoris enough for the surgery. This may take between 1 to 3 years.
  2. During the surgery, the ligaments that hold the clitoris in place under pubic bone are severed.
  3. The clitoris is released from the pubis by cutting the surrounding tissue and used to create a penis.
  4. The urethra is then extended through your penis.
  5. The fat is pulled up from the pubis and used to bring the penis to the front.
  6. The external genitals are removed and grafted around the penis to add girth.
  7. If opted for, the vagina is removed or closed, and the labia are reshaped into a scrotum with or without testicular implants.

Common complications associated with Metoidioplasty

All surgery entails some risks. Common complications may include adverse reactions to the anaesthetic used, clots, infections, blood loss etc. You should discuss the risks with your surgeon. A few complications specifically associated with Metoidioplasty are as follows:

  • Abscess: A bacterial infection causes pus to collect under the site of the incision. It has to be treated with antibiotics or drained by a surgeon.
  • Loss of Sensation:  Even though the risks for this are lower than in a phalloplasty, but some decreased sensation is still possible.
  • Seroma: A seroma occurs when clear fluid collects in the surgical site. Smaller seromas can be sucked or aspirated locally, however surgery might be required if the seromas are larger. 
  • Haematoma: A haematoma is the most common complication after Metoidioplasty. It occurs when blood accumulates in the surgical site. This causes pain and swelling. Like seromas, smaller haematomas can be sucked out locally, however, surgery might be required if the haematomas are larger. 
  • Scarring: Scarring may be prevented with massage exercises and avoiding the sun. However, surgical revision can correct severe scarring.
  • Dissatisfaction:  You might not be happy with the results achieved in terms of appearance or function, in which case you can consult with your surgeon to see if surgical revision is a possibility.

Post-op care after Metoidioplasty surgery

You should expect to spend three nights in the hospital after surgery, as well as seven more in the recovery residence. The recovery time would be shorter if do not opt for a urethra lengthening. You will also be expected to be on a painkiller and antibiotics regimen to prevent infections. You will also be on medication to make your transition easier, to ease bowel movements, and relax muscles, to prevent nausea and bladder spasms. For the duration of the healing and recovery process, the following symptoms are to be expected:

  • Bleeding
  • Itching
  • Swelling
  • Bruising
  • Numbness
  • Difficulty urinating
  • Occasional nerve sensations
  • Pinkness or redness of the scars  

You should try to check in with your primary care provider regularly for the first few months after your surgery.

How do Metoidioplasty results differ from Phalloplasty?

Metoidioplasty and Phalloplasty are the two most common forms of lower gender reassignment surgeries for AFAB Trans and non-binary people. While Metoidioplasty creates a phallus (or penis) from a clitoris that has been enlarged hormonally after taking testosterone, phalloplasty uses a large tissue graft taken from the torso, arm, or leg to recreate a penis.

If we consider Metoidioplasty vs Phalloplasty, both procedures have their unique advantages and drawbacks.

Pros and cons of metoidioplasty

Some pros and cons of having Metoidioplasty rather than Phalloplasty are as follows:

Metoidioplasty vs Phalloplasty Pros

  • Metoidioplasty results in a new phallus that maintains the erotic sensitivity of the clitoris.
  • The penis is fully functioning that has a natural erectile function, and doesn’t need a penile prosthesis to achieve an erection.
  • Metoidioplasty results in the minimal visible scarring as opposed to the large scars left by phalloplasty.
  • Metoidioplasty is usually a single-stage surgery. Even with any additional surgeries required to achieve the desired results in appearance or function, it still involves fewer surgical procedures than phalloplasty.
  • Metoidioplasty carries a lower risk of complications than phalloplasty, though both procedures carry the risk of usually minor side effects.
  • Metoidioplasty has a shorter healing and recovery time than phalloplasty.
  • It is considerably more affordable than phalloplasty.

Metoidioplasty vs Phalloplasty Cons

  • The new phallus created in Metoidioplasty is fairly small in size, both in terms of length and girth, and can measure anywhere between 3 to 8 cm in length.
  • Patients are less likely to sexually penetrate during coitus, even though they can achieve an erection.
  • Metoidioplasty requires extensive hormone replacement therapy to achieve the clitoral growth required for the procedure.

FAQs about Metoidioplasty

Which is better Metoidioplasty vs Phalloplasty?
Both options have pros and cons, discussed earlier in the article.

How much growth is needed for Metoidioplasty?
Significant clitoral growth following the use of testosterone is required. Usually one needs to be on testosterone therapy for anywhere between one to two years before having Metoidioplasty.

How much does Metoidioplasty cost?
The cost of surgery will vary between depending on your surgeon, location, and the procedures you have performed. The cost of metoidioplasty can ranges from $4,000 for a Simple Release to as much as $60,000 for a full Meta.

What is TransBucket?
Transbucket is an online health care and surgery resource for the Trans community, from FTMs to MTFs to genderqueers, agender individuals, and everyone else who could benefit from exploring real life photo experiences.

Does insurance cover gender assignment surgery?
Federal and state laws prohibit most public and private health plans from discriminating against you because you are transgender. This means, that with a few exceptions, it is illegal discrimination for your health insurance plan to refuse to cover medically necessary transition-related care.

References:

https://www.metoidioplasty.net/

Djordjevic, Miroslav L et al. “Metoidioplasty: techniques and outcomes.” Translational andrology and urology vol. 8,3 (2019): 248-253. doi:10.21037/tau.2019.06.12
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6626308/

Morrison SD, Perez MG, Carter CK, Crane CN. “Pre- and Post-Operative Care With Associated Intra-Operative Techniques for Phalloplasty In Female-to-Male Patients”. Urol Nurs. 2015 May-Jun;35(3):134-8. PMID: 26298948.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26298948/

Monstrey SJ, Ceulemans P, Hoebeke P. Sex Reassignment Surgery in the Female-to-Male Transsexual. Semin Plast Surg. 2011 Aug;25(3):229-44. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1281493. PMID: 22851915; PMCID: PMC3312187.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22851915/

Frey, Jordan D. MD; Poudrier, Grace BA; Chiodo, Michael V. MD. Hazen, Alexes MD. A Systematic Review of Metoidioplasty and Radial Forearm Flap Phalloplasty in Female-to-male Transgender Genital Reconstruction: Is the “Ideal” Neophallus an Achievable Goal? Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open: December 2016 - Volume 4 - Issue 12 - p e1131 doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001131
https://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/2016/12000/a_systematic_review_of_metoidioplasty_and_radial.9.aspx

Bizic M, Stojanovic B, Bencic M, Bordás N, Djordjevic M. Overview on metoidioplasty: variants of the technique. Int J Impot Res. 2020 Aug 21. doi: 10.1038/s41443-020-00346-y. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32826970.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32826970/

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cricoid cartilage
Uncategorized

Cricoid Cartilage, its Function, and Importance in the Human Body

by Healthlinear
written by Healthlinear

Just like every part in the human body; cricoid cartilage has its own importance and functionality. Without this cartilage, there will be noting to support your windpipe. It also helps with the production of speech by opening and closing. Every bone in our body has great importance, and they each lay a different role that helps us in one way or another.  It is important to know such things because general knowledge about such things can help you increase your knowledge about your own body.

Cricoid cartilage

The placement of the cricoid cartilage is just below the thyroid cartilage and is present in the pig as well. It is attached to the thyroid cartilage with the cricothyroid ligament. As you know, the tracheal tube is formed in the shape of small circular rings, and the cricoid is resent just above it. The first ring of the tracheal tube is attached to the cricoid cartilage with the circo-tracheal ligament. Now the thyroid gland themselves has the anatomical relation with the cricoid cartilage. The thyroid glands are two in number and they are connected by a bridge.

The bridge is present over the trachea, which is present above the cricoid cartilage. The bridge itself is known as the isthmus. The thyroid glands, on the other hand, are present on each side above the cricoid cartilage. So that is why all these structures are related to each other are joined together one way or another.

Cricoid cartilage as hyaline cartilage

The cricoid cartilage is hyaline cartilage, and it acts as the inferior part of the skeleton. It provides great support, and without the presence of cricoid cartilage along with the thyroid cartilage, the patency of the airway is possible. So, all these small cartilage bones make up the whole important structure in your body. The cricoid is the Greek word for the ring. It is named so because the cricoid cartilage looks like the signet ring. As you know that the it is the hyaline cartilage.

An important thing about the hyaline cartilage is that they are soft at first, and then as the person ages, it becomes hard along with the aging process. So, the same is the case with it as it is softer at first, and as the person’s age develops, it hardens and develops accordingly with it. It is the only cartilage in the full ring form in your whole body. It is also the second-largest cartilage in the laryngeal skeleton.

Important functions

There are many important functions of the cricoid cartilage and following are some of them

  • The main function is that it contributes towards the formation of the structure of the larynx.
  • It also maintains the patency of the trachea.
  • Another function of it is to act as the point of connection between some of the important ligaments, muscles, and cartilages.
  • It helps with the phonation process somehow and also aids in the closing of the airway when you are eating something. It helps with the phonation process by adduction and abduction of the vocal cords.
  • In a medical setting, the it's importance is known for the anatomical representation in the cricothyroidotomy. The use to develop an alternate airway is the role of the cricoid cartilage.
  • Since it helps with the support of the trachea, then it also holds its importance in the clitoridectomy.

Clinical significance of cricoid cartilage

The cricoid cartilage has great clinical significance, and that makes the understanding of its anatomy and functions very essential. The following are some of the reasons why it has great clinical significance.

  • Basically, during the intubation for general anesthesia before the surgery in the patient, the cricoid cartilage is first pressed so any gastric reflux can be avoided. This technique is known as the Sellick maneuver and is a very important technique as a pre-surgery thing.
  • Sometimes the blockages within the trachea can happen and is a very painful experience, so in such pain, the cricoidectomy is done, and this means that it is removed to relieve any obstructions.
  • Sometimes due to throttling, the fractures to the cricoid cartilage can happen. This can take time to heal if the damage done during strangulation is not that bad.

All these things show the clinical significance of the cricoid cartilage. It makes us understand why the understanding of this cartilage is important for clinical purposes. It plays different functions and has different importance features.

Abnormalities

Just like any part or organ of the body, there can be some of the abnormalities with the cricoid cartilage in the human body as well. This can lead to the irregular or even loss of the function of the it. Any abnormalities occur in the development stage of the body, and the developmental mechanism of the circoid cartilage is chondrification in the mesenchyme commencing, and these parts join afterward first posteriorly and then anteriorly. Following are some of the abnormalities that can happen with it's development. You must know that this is very rare on the people and where any appearance of such abnormality is in the early fetal stage of life and can be identified easily

  • Basically, it can have excessive growth in the circumferential area. This situation can lead to the narrowing of the lumen, and thus the circoid cartilage gets thicker with a very narrow lumen.
  • Other problem could be the excessive growth in the posterior wall, and that can cause the obstruction the laryngeal lumen

The signs and symptoms of these abnormalities include the dyspnea which can be present in the person from the birth. It can also develop shortly after birth as growth occurs. You have to consult the doctor, so this problem can be identified quickly. In some of the cases, they might even end up removing the circoid cartilage permanently if any other resolve isn’t working.

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